{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:49:26Z","timestamp":1771512566325,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Intellect","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.intellectbooks.com\/self-archiving#accepted-manuscript-during-embargo"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.intellectbooks.com\/self-archiving#accepted-manuscript-post-embargo"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.intellectbooks.com\/self-archiving#final-published-version"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.03101.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.03101.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00683\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to fill the gap of the practical impediments for journalists properly doing their work during the COVID-19 pandemic over a single country. It is achieved by mapping the situational threats faced by the press in Portugal, as one of the best countries that grant media a free environment to work, which illustrates the challenges faced by media in established democracies. Drawing on the analysis of 34 episodes reported by national and international monitoring bodies over twenty months since the onset of the coronavirus crisis in the country, it concludes that economic threats alongside limitations in accessing information prevailed to the detriment of verbal and physical attacks or smear campaigns and online harassment. Apart from the nuance of the far-right hostility towards the press due to the health restrictions during campaign reporting as a new type of threat manifestation, the remaining threats experienced by the Portuguese media accelerated or aggravated previous trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1386\/ajms_00086_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T01:05:26Z","timestamp":1653527126000},"page":"337-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aggravating circumstances? The COVID-19-related situational threats against the press in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1386","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-7234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui Alexandre","family":"Novais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISNI: 000000010410653X Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa"}]}],"member":"358","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","unstructured":"AC (2020), \u2018Jornais que recusam apoio \u2018n\u00e3o querem ter publicidade institucional do Estado\u2019, Jornal de Not\u00edcias, 21 May, https:\/\/www.jn.pt\/artes\/media\/jornais-que-recusam-apoio-nao-querem-ter-publicidade-institucional-do-estado-12221895.html. Accessed 25 September 2021."},{"key":"CIT0002","unstructured":"Agre, J. (2021), \u2018Contra a liberdade de imprensa, informar, informar e informar\u2019, Sapo.Pt, 3 May, https:\/\/desporto.sapo.pt\/futebol\/artigos\/contra-a-liberdade-de-imprensa-informar-e-formar. Accessed 21 September 2021."},{"key":"CIT0003","unstructured":"Ahmed, K. (2020), \u2018COVID-19 could trigger \u201cmedia extinction event\u201d in developing countries\u2019, The Guardian, 6 May, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/may\/06\/coronavirus-could-trigger-media-extinction-event-in-developing-countries. Accessed 15 December 2020."},{"key":"CIT0004","article-title":"interview via Zoom","year":"2021"},{"key":"CIT0005","unstructured":"CADA (Comiss\u00e3o de Acesso aos Documentos Administrativos) (2020), \u2018Annual report 2020\u2019, CADA, 21 February, https:\/\/www.cada.pt\/traducoes\/annual-report-2020. Accessed 15 August 2021."},{"key":"CIT0006","first-page":"251","article-title":"Journalism in the context of a sanitary crisis: Representations of the job and journalists\u2019 expectations","volume":"39","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade"},{"key":"CIT0007","unstructured":"Capelo, S. 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Accessed 7 April 2021."},{"key":"CIT0027","article-title":"Disease pandemics and the freedom of opinion and expression","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0028","first-page":"70","article-title":"Os jornalistas e os constrangimentos que atormentam a profiss\u00e3o: Entre as press\u00f5es do mercado e a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes de informa\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Estudos de Jornalismo"},{"issue":"39","key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14195\/2183-5462_39_3","article-title":"Covid-19: Uma pandemia que reconfigura o jornalismo?","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Media & Jornalismo"},{"key":"CIT0030","unstructured":"Lusa (2021), \u2018Claques de Andr\u00e9 Ventura hostilizam jornalistas em Braga\u2019, Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias, 18 January, https:\/\/www.dn.pt\/politica\/claques-de-andre-ventura-hostilizam-jornalistas-em-braga-13242924.html. 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Mapping threats to press freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"key":"CIT0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Syrian journalists covering the war: Assessing perceptions of fear and security","year":"2021","journal-title":"Media, War & Conflict"},{"key":"CIT0046","unstructured":"Rico, C. (2020), \u2018Confirmado primeiro caso de coronav\u00edrus em Portugal: Segundo caso aguarda contra-an\u00e1lise\u2019, TSF, 2 March, https:\/\/www.tsf.pt\/portugal\/sociedade\/confirmados-dois-primeiros-casos-de-contagio-pelo-novo-coronavirus-em-portugal-11876592.html. 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Accessed 12 January 2022."},{"key":"CIT0050","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020a), \u2018Jornalistas de \u201cA Bola\u201d sem subs\u00eddio de Natal\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 17 December, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/jornalistas-de-a-bola-sem-subsidio-de-natal. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0051","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020b), \u2018SJ presente em nova concentra\u00e7\u00e3o contra despedimento no GMG\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 9 December, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-presente-em-nova-concentracao-contra-despedimento-no-gmg\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0052","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020c), \u2018SJ condena amea\u00e7as a jornalistas durante manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 14 November, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-condena-ameacas-a-jornalista-durante-manifestacao\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0053","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020d), \u2018SJ exige mais medidas de apoio ao setor no Or\u00e7amento\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 28 October, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-exige-mais-medidas-de-apoio-ao-setor-no-orcamento\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0054","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020e), \u2018SJ denuncia tabela indigna na Global Imagens\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 4 August, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-denuncia-tabela-indigna-na-global-imagens\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0055","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020f), \u2018SJ apresenta queixa contra Global Media Group por recurso a falsos \u201cfotojornalistas\u201d\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 3 August, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-apresenta-queixa-contra-global-media-group-por-recurso-a-falsos-fotojornalistas\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0056","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020g), \u2018SJ denuncia jornalistas \u201ctempor\u00e1rios\u201d na TVI\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 30 July, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/sj-denuncia-jornalistas-temporarios-na-tvi\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0057","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020h), \u2018Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o social precisa de mais apoios\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 18 May, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/comunicacao-social-precisa-de-mais-apoios\/. Accessed 10 December 2021."},{"key":"CIT0058","unstructured":"SJ (Sindicato dos Jornalistas) (2020i), \u2018Comunicado sobre o Lay-off no Global Media Group\u2019, Sindicato dos Jornalistas, 20 April, https:\/\/jornalistas.eu\/comunicado-sobe-o-lay-off-no-global-media-group\/. 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