{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:24:29Z","timestamp":1747196669998,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Intellect","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Economic crises and foreign interventions cause political actors to face a dilemma between responsiveness towards their electorate and responsibility vis-\u00e0-vis international institutions. In this article, we analyse how a seldom studied political actor in international affairs (the Head of State in a semi-presidential regime) dealt with this dilemma. We focus on An\u00edbal Cavaco Silva's (former president of the Portuguese Republic) discourse, and use of veto and constitutionality examination request powers in the 2011\u201316 mandate, and on his attitudes regarding the access to power of pro- and anti-austerity political forces in the aftermath of the 2015 legislative elections. We conclude that the Head of State was more concerned with international responsibility than with domestic responsibility and responsiveness, especially at the behavioural level, although he occasionally acted in ways that toned down this feature of his presidential mandate. We therefore suggest that in times of severe crisis the political conditions that usually partly explain variations in the use of the presidential powers in semi-presidential regimes interact with short-term factors related to the crisis that can reduce or even cancel out their effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1386\/ijis_00001_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T04:38:30Z","timestamp":1577853510000},"page":"117-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The President's dilemma: The Portuguese semi-presidential system in times of crisis (2011\u201316)"],"prefix":"10.1386","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISNI: 0000000122208863 ISCTE-IUL and CIES-IUL"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Santana-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISNI: 0000000122208863 ISCTE-IUL and CIES-IUL"}]}],"member":"358","reference":[{"journal-title":"ECPR General Conference","article-title":"'A systematic review of semi-presidential studies: Struggling to move beyond Linz'","year":"(2016)","key":"CIT001"},{"article-title":"'\u201cYou can vote but you cannot choose\u201d: Democracy and the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone'","volume-title":"Working Paper 282","year":"(2014)","key":"CIT002"},{"journal-title":"P\u00fablico","article-title":"'Cavaco Silva promulgou Or\u00e7amento do Estado na sexta-feira'","year":"(2012a)","key":"CIT003"},{"journal-title":"Jornal de Not\u00edcias","article-title":"'Cavaco Silva n\u00e3o pediu fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do or\u00e7amento para evitar inviabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o'","year":"(2012b)","key":"CIT004"},{"journal-title":"Jornal de Not\u00edcias","article-title":"'Presidente da Rep\u00fablica envia converg\u00eancia das pens\u00f5es para o Tribunal Constitucional'","year":"(2013)","key":"CIT005"},{"journal-title":"P\u00fablico","article-title":"'Cavaco Silva promulga lei geral do trabalho na fun\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica'","year":"(2014)","key":"CIT006"},{"volume-title":"Os Poderes do Presidente da Rep\u00fablica","year":"(1991)","key":"CIT007"},{"journal-title":"P\u00fablico","article-title":"'Analistas dizem que Presidente escreveu pref\u00e1cio auto-justificativo'","year":"(2013)","key":"CIT008"},{"journal-title":"Jornal de Not\u00edcias","article-title":"'Cavaco diz que limites aos sacrif\u00edcios que se podem pedir foram ultrapassados'","year":"(2011)","key":"CIT009"},{"journal-title":"P\u00fablico","article-title":"'TC chumba cortes salariais na fun\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica'","year":"(2014)","key":"CIT010"},{"issue":"126","key":"CIT011","first-page":"237","article-title":"'O Presidente da Rep\u00fablica na g\u00e9nese e evolu\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema de governo portugu\u00eas'","volume":"125","year":"(1994)","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Social"},{"journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias","article-title":"'Pareceres n\u00e3o apontam inconstitucionalidades no Or\u00e7amento'","year":"(2014)","key":"CIT012"},{"journal-title":"Observador","article-title":"'Passos j\u00e1 pediu a Cavaco fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o preventiva das leis mais sens\u00edveis'","year":"(2014)","key":"CIT013"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00569.x","article-title":"'A new political system model: Semi-presidential government'","volume":"8","year":"(1980)","journal-title":"European Journal of Political Research"},{"volume-title":"Semi-Presidentialism in Europe","year":"(1999)","key":"CIT015"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/13608746.2016.1198094","article-title":"'A resurgent presidency? 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