{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:54:17Z","timestamp":1765486457761},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Intellect","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The time parents dedicate to the routine transport of their children has increased significantly since the second half of the twentieth century. This change was triggered by various developments, including new forms of parenthood, the central place the car has come to occupy in society and the tendency to urban dispersion. The article addresses the coordination efforts made by families to provide transport for their children to and from schools, nurseries or extracurricular activities. It focuses on the meaning parents attribute to the time spent on this transport, and on gender differences in this type of time allocation. To illustrate this point, analyses have been made of qualitative and quantitative data obtained in the context of a research on the use of time and technology in families, in the Portuguese districts of Castelo Branco and Braga, during the period 2010\u201312. The principal revelations of this research are the diversities but also general trends in representations and practices regarding temporalities and transport shown in interviews and focus group discussions. It was found that parents interviewed considered time devoted to routine transport of their children a care task; and, linked to this, mothers bore the brunt of this fragmented and time-consuming activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1386\/pjss_00011_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T04:32:33Z","timestamp":1594701153000},"page":"283-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chauffeuring parenthood: The everyday travel times of families"],"prefix":"10.1386","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maria Johanna","family":"Schouten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Beira Interior"}]},{"given":"Soledad Las","family":"Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Beira Interior"}]}],"member":"358","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0001","first-page":"65","article-title":"Ainda em torno da fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o do espa\u00e7o urbano\u2019 (\u2018Still around the fragmentation of urban space\u2019)","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inforgeo: Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Ge\u00f3grafos"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0002","volume-title":"Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne (Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity)","year":"1986"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0003","volume-title":"Changing Rhythms of American Family Life","year":"2006"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0004","unstructured":"Cardoso, A. C. (2007), \u2018Tempos de trabalho, tempos de n\u00e3o trabalho: viv\u00eancias cotidianas de trabalhadores\u2019 (\u2018Work time and non-work time: The daily life of workers\u2019), Ph.D. thesis, S\u00e3o Paulo: University of S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22578-4_2","article-title":"A social science approach to the study of mobility: An introduction","volume-title":"Understanding Mobilities for Designing Contemporary Cities: Research for Development","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0006","first-page":"72","article-title":"Family proximity, childcare, and women\u2019s labor force attachment","volume":"79","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Economics"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0007","unstructured":"Cordovil, R., Lopes, F. and Neto, C. (2012), Children\u2019s Independent Mobility in Portugal: Final Report, London: Policy Studies Institute, http:\/\/www.psi.org.uk\/cim\/reports\/Portugal.pdf. Accessed 16 May 2016."},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0008","volume-title":"Contemporary Motherhood: The Impact of Children on Adult Time","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/01944360708977979","article-title":"Is there a quiet revolution in women\u2019s travel? Revisiting the gap in commuting","volume":"73","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Planning Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2307\/591266","article-title":"Explaining women\u2019s employment patterns: \u201cOrientations to work\u201d revisited","volume":"49","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0011","volume-title":"O lugar dos filhos: Ideais, pr\u00e1ticas e significados (The Place of the Children: Ideals, Practices and Meanings)","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0012","first-page":"345","article-title":"Cultures of mothering and car use in suburban Sydney: A preliminary investigation","volume":"31","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-015-9637-7","article-title":"Household structure and gender differences in travel time: Spouse\/partner presence, parenthood, and breadwinner status","volume":"44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0014","volume-title":"G\u00e9nero, Territ\u00f3rio e Ambiente (\u2018Gender, territory and environment\u2019)","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/jors.12243","article-title":"Commuting time and household responsibilities: Evidence using propensity score matching","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Regional Science"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0016","volume-title":"Faster: The Acceleration of Just about Everything","year":"1999"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0017","unstructured":"Gossen, R. and Purvis, C. (2005), \u2018Activities, time, and travel: Changes in women\u2019s travel time expenditures, 1990\u20132000\u2019, in Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Vol. 2: Technical Papers, Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings, 35, Washington, DC: National Research Council, pp. 21\u201329, http:\/\/onlinepubs.trb.org\/onlinepubs\/conf\/CP35v2.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X07086308","article-title":"Understanding business travel time and its place in the working day","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Time & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0019","first-page":"13","article-title":"Ciudad difusa y archipi\u00e9lago metropolitano\u2019 (\u2018Diffuse city and metropolitan archipelago\u2019)","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cidades, comunidades e territ\u00f3rios"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0020","volume-title":"Tipologia de \u00e1reas urbanas, TIPAU (2009) (\u2018Classification of urban areas 2009\u2019)","author":"INE (National Statistics Institute)","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0021","first-page":"287","article-title":"Everyday moments: Finding \u201cquality time\u201d in American working families","volume":"2","year":"2007","journal-title":"Time & Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0022","first-page":"593","article-title":"Marketing car love in an age of fear: An anthropological approach to the emotional life of a world of automobiles","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Etnogr\u00e1fica"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0023","first-page":"75","article-title":"Viver jovem, morrer depressa: masculinidade e condu\u00e7\u00e3o de risco\u2019 (\u2018Living young, dying fast: Masculinity and risky driving\u2019)","volume-title":"Aprender a Ser Homem: Construindo Masculinidades","year":"2004"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0024","unstructured":"McGuckin, N. and Nakamoto, Y. (2005), \u2018Differences in trip chaining by men and women\u2019, in Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Vol. 2: Technical Papers, Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings 35, Washington, DC: National Research Council, pp. 49\u201356, http:\/\/onlinepubs.trb.org\/onlinepubs\/conf\/CP35v2.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0025","first-page":"5","article-title":"Movimentos pendulares e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do territ\u00f3rio metropolitano: Dist\u00e2ncias e proximidades nos sistemas metropolitanos de Lisboa e Porto\u2019 (\u2018Daily commuting and organization of the metropolitan areas: Distances and proximities in the metropolitan systems of Lisbon and Porto\u2019)","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Estudos Regionais"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0026","volume-title":"The Highway and the City","year":"1963"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0027","first-page":"47","article-title":"Motherhood, risk, and everyday mobilities","volume-title":"Gendered Mobilities","year":"2008"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0028","volume-title":"Os usos do tempo de homens e de mulheres em Portugal (The Uses of Time for Men and Women in Portugal)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0029","first-page":"143","article-title":"Gender equality and the city: A methodological approach to mobility in space-time","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"TRIA\/International Journal of Urban Planning"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0030","volume-title":"Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use Their Time","year":"1997"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0031","article-title":"Still driven: Mobility patterns and gender roles in Portugal","volume-title":"CIES e-Working Paper 185","year":"2014"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0032","first-page":"177","article-title":"Housing, mobility and planning for equality in diversity: Cities, gender and dependence","volume-title":"Social Housing and City","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0033","first-page":"87","article-title":"Preferences for commuting in sparsely populated areas: The case of Sweden","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Transport and Land Use"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0034","volume-title":"Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age","year":"1991"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0035","unstructured":"Schouten, M. J., Ara\u00fajo, E., Augusto, A., Sousa, H., Sim\u00f5es, M. J. and Las Heras, S. (2012), Tempo e tecnologia: Uma abordagem de g\u00e9nero para o contexto portugu\u00eas. Relat\u00f3rio do projecto de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o (Time Allocation and Technology: A Gender Approach for the Portuguese Context. Research Report), Covilh\u00e3 and Braga: University of Beira Interior and University of Minho, https:\/\/ubibliorum.ubi.pt\/handle\/10400.6\/3296. Accessed 15 May 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1068\/a37268","article-title":"The new mobilities paradigm","volume":"38","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environment and Planning"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279404008281","article-title":"Coordination points: A hidden factor in reconciling work and family life","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Social Policy"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0046","unstructured":"Statistics Portugal (INE) (2012), Census: Final Results, Portugal \u2013 2011, https:\/\/bit.ly\/ptcensus2011. Accessed 29 May 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00071310120045015","article-title":"Cross-national changes in time-use: Some sociological (hi)stories re-examined","volume":"52","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0039","unstructured":"Tremblay-Breault, M., Vandersmissen, M. H. and Th\u00e9riault, M. (2014), \u2018Gender and daily mobility: Did the gender gap change between 1996 and 2006 in the Quebec urban area?\u2019, in 5th International Conference on Women\u2019s Issues in Transportation, Bridging the Gap, Conference Proceedings, Paris: Federation Internationale de l\u2019Automobile (FIA), pp. 279\u201391, https:\/\/wiit-paris2014.sciencesconf.org\/conference\/wiit-paris2014\/pages\/Proceedings_The_5th_International_Conference_on_WIiT_1.pdf. Accessed 22 March 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0040","first-page":"123","article-title":"As desloca\u00e7\u00f5es casa-escola e a mobilidade das crian\u00e7as e dos jovens: uma breve reflex\u00e3o\u2019 (\u2018Home-school trips and the mobility of children and young people: A brief reflection\u2019)","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cadernos do curso de doutoramento em geografia FLUP"},{"issue":"4&5","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0041","first-page":"25","article-title":"The \u201csystem\u201d of automobility","volume":"21","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theory, Culture & Society"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0042","first-page":"93","article-title":"Gesti\u00f3n del tiempo, territ\u00f3rio y transporte\u2019 (\u2018Management of time, territory and transport\u2019)","volume-title":"Gesti\u00f3n del tiempo y evoluci\u00f3n de los usos del tiempo (Time Management and Evolution of Time Use)","year":"2007"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0043","volume-title":"Pressed for Time: The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism","year":"2015"},{"key":"key20200715115629_CIT0044","volume-title":"A fam\u00edlia em Portugal e na Europa (The Family in Portugal and in Europe)","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20200715115629_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1386\/pjss_00011_1","article-title":"Chauffeuring parenthood: The everyday travel times of families","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Portuguese Journal of Social Science"}],"container-title":["Portuguese Journal of Social Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/intellectdiscover.com\/content\/journals\/10.1386\/pjss_00011_1?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T21:33:53Z","timestamp":1686951233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/intellectdiscover.com\/content\/journals\/10.1386\/pjss_00011_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/pjss_00011_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-413X","1758-9509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-413X","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-9509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}}}