{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:16:30Z","timestamp":1761581790372},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Veterinary World","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of rural poultry farmers on vaccination and to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody in local birds (LB) and eggs in Kwara State, Nigeria.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Data on farmers' attitude, knowledge, practices, and experiences on ND mortality were obtained through an interview using a structured cross-sectional checklist. NDV antibodies were detected in sera and egg yolks of local chickens (LC) and guinea fowls (GF) using hemagglutination inhibition test.\n\nResults: A total of 83 interviewees, 287 sera and 121 egg yolk extracts, were examined. The study revealed that 98.8% (82\/83) of the interviewee had never vaccinated their flock before. 90% of the interviewee had reported high mortality in birds within 1-6 months old, while the major clinical signs were cold (40.4%) and torticollis (30.8%). Evidences of LB exposure to wild-type NDV were confirmed by the detection of NDV antibodies in 20.8% and 0% of LC and GF, respectively. The mortality differences experienced in &lt;1 and 1-6 months old LB could be explained by the presence of maternally-derived NDV antibody (49.6%) in egg yolk.\n\nConclusion: The study showed that LB suffers from NDV as a result of LB keepers' ignorance and neglect by the government. This has limited local investment and subsequent contribution to gross domestic product. This study suggests that the key factors to the prevention of ND remain awareness creation about poultry vaccination, production of affordable vaccines, and availability\/accessibility to veterinarian (or trained personnel).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.112-118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T12:37:43Z","timestamp":1548074263000},"page":"112-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Awareness and antibody detection of Newcastle disease virus in a neglected society in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.14202","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Oluwafemi Babatunde","family":"Daodu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julius Olaniyi","family":"Aiyedun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafiu Adebisi","family":"Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hauwa Motunrayo","family":"Ambali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oladapo Oyedeji","family":"Oludairo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac Dayo","family":"Olorunshola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluwakemi Christiana","family":"Daodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saka Saheed","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"MacLachlan, N.J. and Dubovi, E.J. (2011) Fenner\u2019s Veterinary Virology. 4th ed. Raven Press, New York. p301-325."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oluwayelu, D.O., Adebiyi, A.I., Olaniyan, I., Ezewele, P. and Aina, O. (2014) Occurrence of Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in double-spurred francolins in Nigeria. J. Vet. Med, 2014(51): 5.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/106898"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"OIE. (2012) Newcastle Disease. OIE Terrestrial Manual."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Joannis, T., Ahmed, M. and Solomon, P. (2013) Nigeria: Country Report on Newcastle Disease, Phase 3 \u2013 Supporting Food Security and Capacity Building in African Union Member States Through the Sustainable Control of Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens. Proceedings Newcastle Disease Coordination Meeting Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. p73-77. Available from: https:\/\/www.au.int\/web\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/30269-doc-nd_coordination_proceedings_final.pdf. Last accessed on 17-04-2018."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Oni, O.O. and Adedipe, O.D. (2012) Role of maternally derived antibody in Newcastle disease vaccination. Niger. Vet. J., 33(2): 499-504."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawal, J.R., El-Yuguda, A.D. and Ibrahim, U.I. (2016) Efficacy of feed coated Newcastle disease i2 vaccine in village chickens in Gombe State, Nigeria. J. Vet. Sci. Technol., 7(3): 349.","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000349"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siddique, F., Mahmood, M.S., Hussain, I. and Deeba, F. (2017) Evaluation of efficacy of Vero cell-adapted, thermostable Newcastle disease vaccine in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 26(2): 145-153.","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfw055"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"FAO. (2009) A Review of the Current Poultry Disease Control Strategies in Smallholder Poultry Production Systems and Local Poultry Populations in Uganda. Prepared by Terence Odoch Amoki, Clovice Kankya, Eunice L Kyomugisha, Denis K. Byarugaba, Nicoline de Haan and Karin Schwabenbauer. AHBL - Promoting Strategies for Prevention and Control of HPAI, Rome."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bennett, R. (2003) The \u201cdirect costs\u201d of livestock disease: The development of a system of models for the analysis of 30 endemic livestock diseases in Great Britain. J. Agric. Econ., 54(1): 55-71.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9552.2003.tb00048.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Bruyn, J., Thomson, P.C., Bagnol, B., Maulaga, W., Rukambile, E. and Alders, R.G. (2017) The chicken or the egg? Exploring bi-directional associations between Newcastle disease vaccination and village chicken flock size in rural Tanzania. PLoS One, 12(11): e0188230.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188230"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jibril, A.H., Umoh, J.U., Kabir, J., Saidu, L., Magaji, A.A., Bello, M.B. and Raji, A.A. (2014) Newcastle disease in local chickens of live bird markets and households in Zamfara State, Nigeria. ISRN Epidemiol., 2014(1): 1-4.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/513961"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abraham-Oyiguh, J., Sulaiman, L.K., Meseko, C.A., Ismail, S., Suleiman, I., Ahmed, S.J. and Onate, E.C. (2014) Prevalence of Newcastle disease antibodies in local chicken in federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Int. Schol. Res. Notices, 2014(1): 1-3.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/796148"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boakye, O.D., Emikpe, B.O., Folitse, R.D., Bonnah, S.G., Adusei, K., Owusu, M. and Oyebanji, V.O. (2016) Serological detection of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in local chickens and guinea fowls in the area of Kumasi, Ghana. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic., 18(1): 87-92.","DOI":"10.1590\/18069061-2015-0132"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Center for Food Security and Public Health, CFSPH. (2016) Newcastle Disease. Iowa State University. Available from: http:\/\/www.cfsph.iastate.edu\/Factsheets\/pdfs\/newcastle_disease.pdf. Last accessed on 01-01-2018."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Byarugaba, D.K. (2007), The Structure and Importance of the Commercial and Village Based Poultry Systems in Uganda. Consultancy Report Submitted to FAO Kampala."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tirawattanawanich, C., Chant, A.S., Nimitsantiwong, W. and Tongyai S. (2011) The effects of tropical environmental conditions on the stress and immune responses of commercial broilers, Thai indigenous chickens, and crossbred chickens. J. Appl. Poul. 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