{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:41:35Z","timestamp":1793306495552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Veterinary World","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/veterinaryworld.org\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009509","name":"Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["581\/UN11\/PNBP\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["581\/UN11\/PNBP\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of areca nut extract. The phytochemical content and phenolic composition of the extract were also determined.\n\nMaterials and Methods: An extract of areca nut was prepared using 96% ethanol and subsequently screened for phytochemical content using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was tested in 35 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups: One control group and three experimental groups in which the rats received 500, 1000, or 1500 mg\/kg of oral areca nut extract biweekly (BW). The extract was orally administered 14 days before the intraperitoneal challenge with Staphylococcus aureus (1\u00d7108 CFU\/mL). On the 14th day of the experiment, rats in all the four groups were sacrificed. Measurement of the levels of red blood cells, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophil, and macrophages were recorded. The activities of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, and creatinine were also determined.\n\nResults: Areca nut was found to contain an alkaloid, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of catechin as the major compound along with quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract in rats infected with S. aureus produced a significant increase in the concentration of WBC but did not affect Hct, Hb, and other cell types. Among the different doses tested, 1000 mg\/kg BW was found to be most effective in cellular immunity models. No harmful effects on the liver and kidney functions were observed.\n\nConclusion: The antioxidant activity of areca nut might be attributed to the presence of catechin and quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract increased the number of WBCs and improved the activity and capacity of macrophages significantly in rats infected with S. aureus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.134-140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T07:39:39Z","timestamp":1579333179000},"page":"134-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Analysis of phenolic compounds and immunomodulatory activity of areca nut extract from Aceh, Indonesia, against Staphylococcus aureus infection in Sprague-Dawley rats"],"prefix":"10.14202","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liza Meutia","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachmi Fanani","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaki","family":"Mubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriyanto","family":"Andriyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Nagarathna, P.K., Reena, K., Reddy, S. and Wesley, J. 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Immunol., 164(7): 3713-3722.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3713"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singroha, K. and Kamath, V.V. (2016) Liver function tests as a measure of hepatotoxicity in areca nut chewers. J. Dent. Res. Rev., 3(2): 1-5.","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-2915.184210"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pai, S.R., Shirke, A.J. and Gothoskar, S.V. (1981) Longterm feeding study in C17 mice administered saccharin coated betel nut and 1,4dinitrosopiperazine in combination. Carcinogenesis, 2(3): 175-177.","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/2.3.175"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lohith, T.S., Shridhar, N.B., Dilip, S.M., Jayashree, P. and Suhasini, K. (2013) Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of raw areca nut extract in rats. Int. Res. J. Pharm., 4(5): 238-240.","DOI":"10.7897\/2230-8407.04550"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/20.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T12:04:08Z","timestamp":1606737848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/20.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":38,"issue-title":["January-2020"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2020.134-140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0916","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0972-8988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}