{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1793876568817,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Veterinary World","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/veterinaryworld.org\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006662","name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: Pediculus humanus capitis has been prevalent throughout the world, especially in developing countries among elementary students and societies with a weak socio-economic status. This study aimed to forecast head lice (Pediculidae: P. capitis) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Ardabil Province, Northwest Iran.\n\nMaterials and Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, all cases of head lice infestations who were confirmed by Centers for Disease Control office have been studied from 2016 to 2018. Head lice infestation incidence hotspots in the province should be detected based on general G statistics in ArcMap GIS10.4.1. Furthermore, MaxEnt.3.3.3 model was used for modeling the high-risk areas.\n\nResults: The prevalence rate of pediculosis was 14.90\/100,000 populations. The general G statistics revealed that the head lice infestation in this study area has a high cluster pattern. The analysis showed that the Parsabad and Germi counties were identified as a head lice infestation incidence hotspots. Statistical and spatial analyses of head lice infestation incidence showed a significant positive correlation with head lice infestation incidence hotspots and the altitudes (15-500 m), annual temperature range (14-16.5\u00b0C), and slope and average diurnal temperature (12-18\u00b0C).\n\nConclusion: The results of this study showed that the most ecologically suitable areas of head lice occurrence were identified in two hotspots (Parsabad and Germi) in the Northern areas of Ardabil Province (Parsabad and Germi counties); in the borderline of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.40-46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T07:44:18Z","timestamp":1578296658000},"page":"40-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Forecasting head lice (Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation incidence hotspots based on spatial correlation analysis in Northwest Iran"],"prefix":"10.14202","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Davoud","family":"Adham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eslam","family":"Moradi-Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Arthropod Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malek","family":"Abazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abedin","family":"Saghafipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boutellis, A., Abi-Rached, L. and Raoult, D. (2014) The origin and distribution of human lice in the world. Infect. Genet. Evol., 23(1): 209-217.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.017"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Zaim, M., Rashti, M.S. and Saebi, M. (2008) A Guide to Medical Entomology. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Farzinnia, B., HanafiBojd, A., Reiskarami, S. and Jafari, T. (2004) Epidemiology of pediculosis capitis in female primary school pupils Qom. 2003. Hormozgan Med. Sci. J., 8(2): 103-108."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Davarpanah, M.A., Kazerouni, A.R., Rahmati, H., Neirami, R.N., Bakhtiary, H. and Sadeghi, M. (2013) The prevalence of Pediculus capitis among the middle school children in Fars province, Southern Iran. Caspian J. Intern. Med., 4(1): 607-610."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lapeere, H., Brochez, L., Verhaeghe, E., Stichele, R.H.V., Remon, J.P., Lambert, J. and Leybaert, L. (2014) Efficacy of products to remove eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from the human hair. J. Med. Entomol., 51(2): 400-407.","DOI":"10.1603\/me13106"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Kamiabi, F. and Nakhaei, F.H. (2005) Prevalence of Pediculosis capitis and determination of risk factors in primary-school children in Kerman. East Mediterr. Health J., 11(5-6): 988-992."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Saghafipour, A., Nejati, J., Zahraei-Ramazani, A., Vatandoost, H., Mozaffari, E. and Rezaei, F. (2017) Prevalence a nd risk factors associated with head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) in Central Iran. Int. J. Pediatr., 5(7): 5245-5254."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Nejati, J., Keyhani, A., Kareshk, A.T., Mahmoudvand, H., Saghafipour, A., Khoraminasab, M., Oliaaee, R.T. and Mousavi, S.M. (2018) Prevalence and risk factors of pediculosis in primary school children in South West of Iran. Iran J. Public Health, 47(12): 1923-1929."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Firoozfar, F., Moosa-Kazemi, S.H., Bahrami, A., Yusuf, M.A., Saghafipour, A., Armoon, Z., Rajabzadeh, R. and Hosseini, S.H. (2019) Head lice infestation (Pediculus humanus capitis) prevalence and its associated factors, among the Kormanj tribes in North Khorasan province. Shiraz E. Med. J., 20(4): e80292.","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.80292"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Moradiasl, E., Habibzadeh, S., Rafinejad, J., Abazari, M., Ahari, S.S., Saghafipour, A., Mehrtak, M. and Edlatkhah, H. (2018) Risk factors associated with head lice (pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkinshahr county, North West of Iran. Int. J. Pediatr., 6(3): 7383-7392."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Omidi, A., Khodaveisi, M., Moghimbeigi, A., Mohammadi, N. and Amini, R. (2013) Pediculosis capitis and relevant factors in secondary school students of Hamadan, West of Iran. J. Res. Med. Sci., 13(2): 176-180."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Zahirneia, M., Taherkhani, H. and Bathaei, J. (2005) Comparison assessment of three shampoo types in treatment of infestation of head lice in elementary school girl in Hamadan. J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci., 49(9e11): 16e24."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Motovali-Emami, M., Aflatoonian, M.R., Fekri, A. and Yazdi, M. (2008) Epidemiological aspects of Pediculosis capitis and treatment evaluation in primary-school children in Iran. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 11(2): 260-264.","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2008.260.264"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Vahabi, A., Shemshad, K., Sayyadi, M., Biglarian, A., Vahabi, B., Sayyad, S., Shemshad, M. and Rafinejad, J. (2012) Prevalence and risk factors of Pediculus (humanus) capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae), in primary schools in Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province, Iran. Trop. Biomed., 29(2): 207-211."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Pavlovski\u012d, E.N. (1966) Natural Nidality of Transmissible Diseases: In Relation to Landscape, Epidemiology, of Zooanthroponoses. Peace Publishers, Moscow."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phillips, S.J. and Dudik M. (2008) Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography, 31(1): 161-175.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Doroodgar, A., Sadr, F., Doroodgar, M., Doroodgar, M. and Sayyah, M. (2014) Examining the prevalence rate of Pediculus capitis infestation according to sex and social factors in primary school children. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis., 4(1): 25-29.","DOI":"10.1016\/s2222-1808(14)60308-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yousefi, S., Shamsipoor, F. and Abadi, Y.S. (2012) Epidemiological study of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation among primary school students in rural areas of Sirjan county, South of Iran. Thrita, 1(2): 53-56.","DOI":"10.5812\/thrita.4733"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Rafie, A., Kasiri, H., Mohammadi, Z. and Haghighizade, M. (2009) Pediculosis capitis and its associated factors in girl primary school children in Ahvaz city in 2005-2006. Iran. J. Infect. Dis. Trop. Med., 4(5): 41-45."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Hodjati, M.H., Mousavi, N. and Mousavi, M. (2008) Head lice infestation in school children of a low socioeconomy area of Tabriz city, Iran. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(13): 2292-2294."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Mohammadi-Azni, S. (2014) Prevalence of head lice at the primary schools in Damghan. Zahedan J. Res. Med. Sci., 16(11): 47-49."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Salemi, J.A., Shayeghi, N., Zeraati, H., Akbarzadeh, K., Basseri, H., Ebrahimi, B. and Rafinejad, J. (2003) Some aspects of head lice infestation in Iranshahr area (Southeast of Iran). Iran J. Public Health, 32(3): 60-63."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Noroozi, M., Saghafipour, A., Akbari, A., Khajat, P. and Maboodi, A.A.K. (2013) The prevalence of Pediculosis capitis and its associated risk factors in primary schools of girls in the rural district. J. Shahrekord Univ. Med. Sci., 15(2): 43-52."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gulgun, M., Balci, E., Karaoglu, A., Babacan, O. and T\u00fcrker, T. (2013) Pediculosis capitis: Prevalence and its associated factors in primary school children living in rural and urban areas in Kayseri, Turkey. Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 21(2): 104-109.","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3750"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Tappeh, K.H., Chavshin, A.R., Hajipirloo, H.M., Khashaveh, S., Hanifian, H., Bozorgomid, A., Mohammadi, M., Gharabag, D.J. and Azizi, H. (2012) Pediculosis capitis among primary school children and related risk factors in Urmia, the main city of West Azarbaijan, Iran. Iran. J. Arthropod Borne Dis., 6(1): 79-86."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moradi-Asl, E., Hanafi-Bojd, A.A., Rassi, Y., Vatandoost, H., Mohebali, M., Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M.R., Habibzadeh, S., Hazrati, S. and Rafizadeh, S. (2017) Situational analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in the most important endemic area of the disease in Iran. Iran. J. Arthropod Borne Dis., 11(4): 482-497.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161317"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhunia, G.S., Kesari, S., Chatterjee, N., Kumar, V. and Das, P. (2012) The burden of visceral leishmaniasis in India: Challenges in using remote sensing and GIS to understand and control. Infect. Dis., 2013(1): 675846.","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/675846"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salahi-Moghaddam, A., Mohebali, M., Moshfae, A., Habibi, M. and Zarei, Z. (2010) Ecological study and risk mapping of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Iran based on a geographical information systems approach. Geospat. Health, 5(1): 71-77.","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2010.188"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanafi-Bojd, A.A., Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M.R., Haghdoost, A.A., Akhavan, A.A., Rassi, Y., Karimi, A. and Charrahy, Z. (2015) Modeling the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Iran: A potential transmission in disease prone areas. J. Med. Entomol., 52(4): 557-565.","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv058"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Moradiasl, E., Rassi, Y., Hanafi-Bojd, A.A., Vatandoost, H., Saghafipour, A., Adham, D., Aabasgolizadeh, N., Oskouei, A.O. and Sadeghi, H. (2018) The relationship between climatic factors and the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in North West of Iran. Int. J. Pediatr., 6(11): 7169-7178."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Ghatee, M.A., Sharifi, I., Haghdoost, A.A., Kanannejad, Z., Taabody, Z., Hatam, G. and Abdollahipanah, A. (2013) Spatial correlations of population and ecological factors with distribution of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Southwestern Iran. J. Vector Borne Dis., 50(3): 179-188."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Bavia, M., Carneiro, D., da Costa Gurgel, H., Filho, C.M. and Barbosa, M.R. (2005) Remote sensing and geographic information systems and risk of American visceral leishmaniasis in Bahia, Brazil. Parassitologia, 47(1): 165-174."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Sudhakar, S., Srinivas, T., Palit, A., Kar, S. and Battacharya, S. (2006) Mapping of risk prone areas of kala-azar (Visceral leishmaniasis) in parts of Bihar state, India: An RS and GIS approach. J. Vector Borne Dis., 43(3): 115-122."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abedi-Astaneh, F., Hajjaran, H., Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M.R., Hanafi-Bojd, A.A., Mohebali, M., Shirzadi, M.R., Rassi, Y., Akhavan, A.A. and Mahmoudi, B. (2016) Risk mapping and situational analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of central Iran: A GIS-based survey. PLoS One, 11(8): e0161317.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161317"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/6.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T12:03:58Z","timestamp":1606737838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.13\/January-2020\/6.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":34,"issue-title":["January-2020"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2020.40-46","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0916","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0972-8988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}