{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:45:58Z","timestamp":1781664358529,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Veterinary World","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: The reproductive performance of dairy cows is of a high economic value to maintain efficient and sustainable productivity. Postpartum anestrus is one of the major infertility problems that cause limitation of dairy cow reproductive performance and productivity. The previous studies have reported using a polyherbal formulation for different purposes, including reproductive performance. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of polyherbal formulation administration on the reproductive performance of cows and to establish the oral administration of polyherbal formulations as a safe, effective, and economic treatment for dairy cows with postpartum anestrus due to nutritional disorders, negative energy balance, high milk production, and\/or heat stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 dairy cows with postpartum anestrus were randomly divided into two groups, which were subjected to oral administration of distilled water that served as the control (Ctrl; n=5) or polyherbal treatment (polyherbal treated; n=9) for two shots of treatment (each for 3 successive days) with a 10-day interval. Blood sampling and ultrasonography were performed before treatment and after the first and second shots of treatment. Progesterone (P4) assay was also performed. Results: The estrus induction rate was 66.7% after the first shot of treatment in the polyherbal-treated group, which increased significantly to 88.9% after the second shot of treatment, compared with the Ctrl group (20%). The estrus response was confirmed by ultrasonography and P4 hormone assay, wherein the polyherbal treatment significantly increased the P4 concentration in the polyherbal-treated group after the second shot of treatment compared to that before treatment and in the Ctrl group at all time points. On pregnancy diagnosis, the treated dairy cows showed conception rates of 66.7% and 20.0% in the polyherbal-treated and Ctrl groups, respectively. In contrast, the concentration of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker, and the total antioxidant capacity remained unchanged between both groups before and after treatment. Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation containing tubers of C. rotundus, M. pterygosperma, rhizome of Z. officinale, and A. cepa has the potential to induce estrus response and luteal activity in dairy cows and is a possible treatment for ovarian inactivity in dairy farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.360-367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T10:59:19Z","timestamp":1645095559000},"page":"360-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of polyherbal formulation oral administration on the estrus response, luteal activity, and oxidative stress in postpartum dairy cows with ovarian subfunction"],"prefix":"10.14202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahia A.","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasra Ahmed M.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Obstetrics and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa-Eldin Zain-Elabdeen","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0884-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atef M. H.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obeid","family":"Shanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Saad Ahmed","family":"Hassaneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology, Obstetrics and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; Theriogenology Consultant, Qena Governmental Dairy Farms, Qena Governmental Animal Production Sector, Qena Governorate, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Gogaev, O., Ostaev, G.Y., Khosiev, B., Kravchenko, N., Kondratiev, D. and Nekrasova, E. (2019) Zootechnical and management accounting factors of beef cattle: Cost optimization. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 10(2): 221-231."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Population. (2022) Egypt Population. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/ gypt-population Retrieved on 01-02-2022 ."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Vries, A. and Marcondes, M. (2020) Overview of factors affecting productive lifespan of dairy cows. Animal. 14(S1): s155-s164.","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731119003264"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ritter, C., Beaver, A. and von Keyserlingk, M.A. (2019) The complex relationship between welfare and reproduction in cattle. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 54(3): 29-37.","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13464"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, C., Shu, S., Bai, Y., Wang, D., Xia, C. and Xu, C. (2019) Plasma protein comparison between dairy cows with inactive ovaries and estrus. Sci. Rep., 9(1): 1-11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49785-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lucy, M. (2007) Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: Reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl., 64(1 ): 237-254.","DOI":"10.5661\/rdr-vi-237"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"EGOVS. (2002) Annual Report of the Egyptian General Organization for Veterinary Services."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams, G., Talavera, F., Petersen, B., Kirsch, J. and Tilton, J. (1983) Coincident secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in early postpartum beef cows: Effects of suckling and low-level increases of systemic progesterone. Biol. Reprod., 29(2): 362-373.","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod29.2.362"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Ravikumar B.R. and Bhagwat V.G. (2007) Study of the efficacy of herbal formulation synchro lys for the management of anestrous cows. Mysore. J. Agric. Sci., 41(1): 104-107."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puratchikody, A., Jaswanth, A., Nagalakshmi, A., Anagumeenal, P. and Ruckmani, K. (2001) Antibacterial activity of Cyperus rotundus Linn. Indian J.Pharm. Sci., 63(4): 326.","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474x.22976"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Seto, S.W., Chang, D., Kiat, H., Razmovski-Naumovski, V., Chan, K. and Bensoussan, A. (2016) Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal medicine: A comprehensive review of methodology and current research. Front.Pharm., 7 : 201.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00201"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Japheth, K., Kumaresana, A., Patbandha T., Baithalu, R., Selvan, A., Nag, P., Manimaran, A. and Oberoi, P. (2021) Supplementation of a combination of herbs improves immunity, uterine cleansing and facilitate early resumption of ovarian cyclicity: A study on postpartum dairy buffaloes. J. Ethnopharm., 272(2021 ): 113931.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113931"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Ray, K., Hazra, R., Debnath, P.K. and Guha, D. (2004) Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in Moringa oleifera induced potentiation of pentobarbitone hypnosis in albino rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 42(6): 632-635."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed, R.S., Seth, V., Pasha, S. and Banerjee, B. (2000) Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 38(5): 443-450.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-6915(00)00019-3"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Griffiths, G., Trueman, L., Crowther, T., Thomas, B. and Smith, B. (2002) Onions-a global benefit to health. Phytother. Res., 16(7): 603-615.","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1222"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Kianian, F., Marefati, N., Boskabady, M., Ghasemi, S. and Boskabady, M.H. (2021) Pharmacological Properties of Allium cepa, preclinical and clinical evidences; a review. Iran. J. Pharmacol. Res., 20(2): 107-134."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashraf, R. and Bhatti, H. (2021) Stigmasterol. A Centum of Valuable Plant Bioactives. Ch. 10. Academic Press, Massachusetts, United States. P213-232.","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-822923-1.00019-4"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abadjieva, D., Petkova, M., Grigorova, S. and Kistanova, E. (2018) Iodine supplementation activates folliculogenesis in rabbit ovary. Pol. J. Vet. Sci., 21(3): 559-566.","DOI":"10.24425\/124290"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galbat, S. (2020) Effect of some trace element deficiencies on the reproductive performance of cows in New Valley governorate. Assiut Vet. Med. J., 66(167): 62-68.","DOI":"10.21608\/avmj.2020.168461"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvarez, N.I.O., Mart\u00ednez, G.D.M., Gama, R.B., Garc\u00eda, P.A.H., Ayala, E.E., Garc\u00eda, J.A.M. and Trujillo, A.G. (2020) Economic impact of polyherbal mixtures containing choline, lysine and methionine on milk production and health of dairy cows. Emirates J. Food Agric.,32(12): 864-870.","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.2020.v32.i12.2219"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bipate, M. and Misra, A.K. (2020) Effect of polyherbal supplementation on milk production and postpartum reproduction in crossbred cattle. Indian J. Dair. Sci., 73(2): 136-139.","DOI":"10.33785\/ijds.2020.v73i02.006"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuliani, F.S., Purwono, S., Sadewa, A.H., Damayanti, E. and Heriyanto, D.S. (2020) polyherbal formula (ASILACT\u00ae) induces milk production in lactating rats through upregulation of \u03b1-lactalbumin and aquaporin expression. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20(1): 1-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03152-7"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, K., Mishra, K.K., Shrivastav, N., Mishra, S.K. and Kr, A. (2019) Therapeutic efficacy of indigenous polyherbal formulation on milk pH, somatic cell count and electrical resistance profile in healthy and subclinical mastitic dairy cows. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 8(10): 703-710.","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2019.810.081"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verma, S., Choudhary, A., Maini, S. and Ravikanth, K. (2016) Evaluation of efficacy of herbal intrauterine infusion Uterofix liquid in treatment of various reproductive disorders in Cows: A field study. Pharmacogn. Res., 8(3): 173.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.181459"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jord\u00e1n, M.J., Mart\u00ednez-Conesa, C., Ba\u00f1\u00f3n, S., Otal, J., Qu\u00edlez, M., Garc\u00eda-Aledo, I., Romero-Espinar, P. and S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez, P. (2020) The Combined effect of Mediterranean shrubland pasture and the dietary administration of sage by-products on the antioxidant status of Segure\u00f1a ewes and lambs. Antioxidants, 9(10): 938.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100938"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afzal, A., Hussain, T. and Hameed, A. (2021) Moringa oleifera supplementation improves antioxidant status and biochemical indices by attenuating early pregnancy stress in Beetal goats. Front. Nutr., 8 : 700957.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.700957"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Habte, M., Eshetu, M., Maryo, M., Andualem, D., Legesse, A. and Admassu, B. (2021) The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia. Cogent Food Agr., 7(1): 1930932.","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2021.1930932"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed, R.H., Nakada, K., Elmeligy, E., Hassan, D., Ebissy, E.A., Ghandour, R.A., Mousa, S.A. and Hassaneen, A.S.A. (2021) Clinical and correlated responses among steroid hormones and oxidant\/antioxidant biomarkers in pregnant, non-pregnant and lactating CIDR-pre-synchronized dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius). Vet. Sci., 8(11 ): 247.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8110247"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Habeeb, A.A., Gad, A.E. and Atta, M.A. (2018) Temperature-humidity indices as indicators to heat stress of climatic conditions with relation to production and reproduction of farm animals. Int. J. Biotechnol. Recent Adv., 1(1): 35-50.","DOI":"10.18689\/ijbr-1000107"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Mohammadsadegh, M. (2019) The impacts of eCG administration, 3 days before ovsynch on the treatment of inactive ovary of dairy cows. Rev. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t., 170(4\/6): 110-116."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amin, Y.A., El-Naga, E.M.A., Noseer, E.A., Fouad, S.S. and Ali, R.A. (2019) Synchronization with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and prostaglandin F2\u03b1 (PGF2\u03b1) influences oxidant\/antioxidant biomarkers and mineral profile in summer-stressed anoestrous buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology, 134(8 ): 34-41.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.05.014"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Nuaimi, A.J., Alzahid, A.A., Alrubaye, T.A.H., Abid, A.R., Jawad, R.A., Al-Khafaji, N.M., Al-Sabbagh, J.K. and Hassan, M.S. (2020) Effect of progesterone and GnRH treatment on non-functional ovaries in Holstein cows after calving in Babylon province. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/553\/1\/012021"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Khudhair, N.Y., Rasheed, Y.M. and Mahmood, M.Y. (2020) The clinical applications of some reproductive hormones in treatment of some reproductive disorders and the effect of this treatment on the estrus onset in the cows in Iraq. Biochem. Cell. Arch., 20(1): 261-265."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amin, Y. and Said, A. (2021) The addition of chitosan to GnRH analog induces ovarian resumption and improves conception rates in buffaloes. Trop. Anim. Sci. J., 44(1): 1-9.","DOI":"10.5398\/tasj.2021.44.1.1"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yaurb, M. (2021) Comparative study for the treatment of inactive ovary in local Iraqi breed cow by using massage method of the ovaries and GnRH. J. Appl. Vet. Sci., 6(1): 18-20.","DOI":"10.21608\/javs.2021.140074"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Patil, A., Raghuwanshi, D., Ravikanth, K. and Maini, S. (2010) Treatment of postpartum anestrous in Osmanabadi Goats with Janova. Vet. World, 3(6): 293."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuri, P., Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, A. and Singh, M. (2019) Effect of poly-herbal mixture supplementation during postpartum period on feed intake and reproductive performance of Sahiwal Cows. Indian J. Anim. Nutr., 36(1): 35-39.","DOI":"10.5958\/2231-6744.2019.00006.9"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Brito, L.F.C. and Palmer, C.W. (2004) Cystic ovarian disease in cattle. Large Anim. Vet. Roun., 4(10 ): 1-6."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui, J., Shen, Y. and Li, R. (2013) Estrogen synthesis and signaling pathways during ageing: from periphery to brain. Trends Mol. Med., 19(3): 197-209.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.12.007"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keen, C.L., Ensunsa, J.L., L\u00f6nnerdal, B. and Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2013) Manganese Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. 3rd ed. Academic Press, Massachusetts, United States, p148-154.","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-375083-9.00182-3"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ieda, N., Hassaneen, A., Inoue, N., Uenoyama, Y. and Tsukamura, H. (2020) Kisspeptin: A central regulator of reproduction in mammals. SVU-Intern. J. Vet. Sci., 3(1): 10-26.","DOI":"10.21608\/svu.2019.16569.1027"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fang F., Huang, Z., Wang, Y. and Wong, C. (2009) Kaempferol is an estrogen-related receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2 inverse agonist. FEBS Lett., 583(4): 643-647.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.01.030"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain, S.A., Hameed, A., Nasir, F., Wu, Y., Suleria, H.A.R. and Song, Y. (2018) Evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of polyherbal formulation in oligospermic males. Biomed Res. Int.,2018(1 ): 2070895.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2070895"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amin, B., Dar, R., Ali, A. and Shubeena, J. (2016) Role of micro-nutrients in bovine reproduction. Theriogenology Insights, 6(1): 57-65.","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-3371.2016.00008.5"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balamurugan, B., Ramamoorthy, M., Mandal, R., Keerthana, J., Gopalakrishnan, G., Kavya, K., Kharayat, N., Chaudhary, G. and Katiyar R. (2017) Mineral an important nutrient for efficient reproductive health in dairy cattle. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 6(1): 694-701.","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20170203065034"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhutani, K.K., Jadhav, A.N. and Kalia, V. (2004) Effect of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. on gonadotropin release in immature female rats and ovarian histology. J. Ethnopharmacol., 94(1): 197-200.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.04.022"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed, H., Jahan, S., Khan, A., Khan, L., Khan, B.T., Ullah, H., Riaz, M. and Ullah, K. (2020) Supplementation of green tea extract (GTE) in extender improves structural and functional characteristics, total antioxidant capacity and in vivo fertility of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 145: 190-197.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.10.024"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swelum, A.A., Hashem, N.M., Abdelnour, S.A., Taha, A.E., Ohran, H., Khafaga, A.F., El-Tarabily, K.A. and Abd El-Hack, M.E. (2021) Effects of phytogenic feed additives on the reproductive performance of animals. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 28(10): 5816-5822.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.06.045"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/February-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/February-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/February-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T20:26:31Z","timestamp":1726691191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/February-2022\/16.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2022.360-367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0916","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0972-8988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}}}