{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:25:09Z","timestamp":1793813109747,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Veterinary World","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018647","name":"RUDN University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics are among the essential veterinary medicine compounds associated with animal feed and food animal production. The use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections is almost unavoidable, with less need to demonstrate their importance. Although banned as a growth factor for a few years, their use in animals can add residues in foodstuffs, presenting several environmental, technological, animal health, and consumer health risks. With regard to human health risks, antibiotic residues induce and accelerate antibiotic resistance development, promote the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans, cause allergies (penicillin), and induce other severe pathologies, such as cancers (sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline, and furazolidone), anaphylactic shock, nephropathy (gentamicin), bone marrow toxicity, mutagenic effects, and reproductive disorders (chloramphenicol). Antibiotic resistance, which has excessively increased over the years, is one of the adverse consequences of this phenomenon, constituting a severe public health issue, thus requiring the regulation of antibiotics in all areas, including animal breeding. This review discusses the common use of antibiotics in agriculture and antibiotic residues in food\/feed. In-depth, we discussed the detection techniques of antibiotic residues, potential consequences on the environment and animal health, the technological transformation processes and impacts on consumer health, and recommendations to mitigate this situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.662-671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T09:39:33Z","timestamp":1648028373000},"page":"662-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["The public health issue of antibiotic residues in food and feed: Causes, consequences, and potential solutions"],"prefix":"10.14202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9626-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mbarga Manga Joseph","family":"Ars\u00e8ne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6219-0004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anyutoulou Kitio Linda","family":"Davares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4099-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Podoprigora Irina","family":"Viktorovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7103-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smolyakova Larissa","family":"Andreevna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souadkia","family":"Sarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Khelifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7637-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Das Milana","family":"Sergue\u00efevna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bacanl\u0131, M. and Ba\u015faran, N. (2019) Importance of antibiotic residues in animal food. Food Chem. Toxicol., 125  : 462-466.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.01.033"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arsene, M.M.J., Viktorovna, P.I., Davares, A.K.L., Esther, N. and Nikolaevich, S.A. (2021) Urinary tract infections: Virulence factors, resistance to antibiotics, and management of uropathogenic bacteria with medicinal plants a review. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 11(7): 1-12.","DOI":"10.7324\/japs.2021.110701"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aarestrup, F. (2012) Sustainable farming: Get pigs off antibiotics. Nature, 486(7404): 465-466.","DOI":"10.1038\/486465a"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boeckel, T.P., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B.T., Levin, S.A., Robinson, T.P., Teillant, A. and Laxminarayan, R. (2015) Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 112(18): 5649-5654.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Pavlov, A., Lashev, L., Vachin, I. and Rusev, V. (2008) Residues of antimicrobial drugs in chicken meat and offals. Trakia J. Sci., 6(1): 23-25."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Y.L., Yan, T., Li, X.Y., Duan, Y.L., Yang, X. and Yang, X.J. (2020) Effects of Bacillus subtilis and antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance, intestinal function and gut microbiota of pullets from 0 to 6 weeks. Animal, 14(8): 1619-1628.","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731120000191"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kantati, Y.T. (2011) D\u00e9tection des R\u00e9sidents D\u2019antibiotiques Dans les Viandes des Bovins Pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es aux Abattoirs de Dakar Ecole Inter-Etat des Sciences et M\u00e9decin V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires de Dakar (EISMU), M\u00e9moire de Master, Dakar.","DOI":"10.21474\/ijar01\/7089"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katz, S.E. and Brady, M.S. (2000) Antibiotic residues in food and their significance. Food Biotechnol., 14(3): 147-171.","DOI":"10.1080\/08905430009549985"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Graham, J.P., Boland, J.J. and Silbergeld, E. (2007) Growth promoting antibiotics in food animal production: An economic analysis. Public Health Rep., 122(1): 79-87.","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200111"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Kempe, M. and Verachtert, B. (2000) Cartridges with Molecularly Imprinted Recognition Elements for Antibiotic Residues Monitoring in Milk Cream. Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lunds Universit\u00e9t Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Getingevagen, Lund Sweden. p1-10."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Milhaud, G. and Pinault, L. (2001) Evaluation des M\u00e9dicaments V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires: Autorisation de Mise sur le March\u00e9 (AMM), limites Maximales de R\u00e9sidus (LMR). Editions Le point V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire. p25-40.","DOI":"10.4267\/2042\/53812"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manga, M.J.A., Davares, A.K., Andreevna, S.L., Vladimirovich, E.A., Carime, B.Z., Marouf, R. and Khelifi, I. (2021) The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Vet. World, 14(2): 319.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.319-328"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Busch, G., Kassas, B., Palma, M.A. and Risius, A. (2020) Perceptions of antibiotic use in livestock farming in Germany, Italy and the United States. Livest. Sci., 241  : 104251.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104251"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1fer-Peric\u00e1s, C., Maquieira, A. and Puchades, R. (2010) Fast screening methods to detect antibiotic residues in food samples. TrAC, 29(9): 1038-1049.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.06.004"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manyi-Loh, C., Mamphweli, S., Meyer, E. and Okoh, A. (2018) Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: Potential public health implications. Molecules, 23(4): 795.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040795"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guetiya-Wadoum, R.E., Zambou, N.F., Anyangwe, F.F., Njimou, J.R., Coman, M.M., Verdenelli, M.C., Cecchini, C., Silvi, S., Orpianesi, C., Cresci, A. and Colizzi, V. (2016) Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications. Br. Poult. Sci., 57(4): 483-493.","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1180668"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Khattab, W.O., Elderea, H.B., Salem, E.G. and Gomaa, N.F. (2010) Transmission of administered amoxicillin drug residues from laying chicken to their commercial eggs. J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc., 85(5-6): 297-316."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Mahatmi, H., da Costa, M. and Puja, I.K. (2019) Residues of antibiotic in chicken meat imported from Brasil and United States of America through quarantine stations in Dili, Timor Laste. IOSR J. Agric. Vet. Sci., 12(6): 39-43."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Hassan, M.M., Alam, M., Sattar, S., Bari, M.S., Saifuddin, A.K.M. and Hoque, M.A. (2015) Antibiotic residues in milk and eggs of commercial and local farms at Chittagong, Bangladesh. Vet. World, 8(4): 467-471.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.467-471"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Qiu, W., Li, Y. and Liu, L. (2020) Antibiotic residues in poultry food in Fujian Province of China. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill., 13(3): 177-184.","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2020.1751309"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng, N., Wang, J., Han, R., Xu, X., Zhen, Y., Qu, X. and Yu, Z. (2013) Occurrence of several main antibiotic residues in raw milk in 10 provinces of China. Food Addit. Contam. Part B, 6(2): 84-89.","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2012.727189"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salama, N.A., Abou-Raya, S.H., Shalaby, A.R., Emam, W.H. and Mehaya, F.M. (2011) Incidence of tetracycline residues in chicken meat and liver retailed to consumers. Food Addit. Contam. B, 4(2): 88-93.","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2011.585245"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Morshdy, A.E., El-Atabany, A.I., Hussein M.A. and Darwish, W.S. (2013) Oxytetracycline residues in bovine carcasses slaughtered at Mansoura Abattoir, Egypt. Jpn. J. Vet. Res., 61(Suppl): S44-S47."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abd El-Aty, A.M., Goudah, A. and Abo El Sooud, K. (2001) Pharmacokinetics, intramuscular bioavailability and tissue residue profiles of ceftazidime in a rabbit model. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 108(4): 168-71.","DOI":"10.1023\/b:verc.0000040241.06642.49"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Myllyniemi, A.L., Rannikko, R., Lindfors, E., Niemi, A. and B\u00e4ckman, C. (2000) Microbiological and chemical detection of incurred penicillin G, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in bovine and porcine tissues. Food Addit. Contam., 17(12): 991-1000.","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030050207774"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addo, K.K., Mensah, G.I., Aning, K.G., Nartey, N., Nipah, G.K., Bonsu, C., Akyeh, M.L. and Smits, H.L. (2011) Microbiological quality and antibiotic residues in informally marketed raw cow milk within the coastal savannah zone of Ghana. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 16(2): 227-232.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02666.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe, M., Conneely, A., Cooper, K.M., Kennedy, D.G., Kovacsics, L., Fodor, A. and Trigueros, G. (2004) Nitrofuran antibiotic residues in pork: The FoodBRAND retail survey. Anal. Chim. Acta, 520(1-2): 125-131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.04.053"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Gill, J.P.S., Bedi, J.S., Chhuneja, P.K., Kumar, A. (2020) Determination of antibiotic residues in Indian honeys and assessment of potential risks to consumers. J. Apic. Res., 59(1): 25-34.","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2019.1677000"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moudgil, P., Bedi, J.S., Aulakh, R.S. and Gill, J.P.S. (2019), Antibiotic residues and mycotoxins in raw milk in Punjab (India): A rising concern for food safety. J. Food Sci. Technol., 56(11): 5146-5151.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-03963-8"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nirala, R.K., Anjana, K., Mandal, K.G. and Jayachandran, C. (2017) Persistence of antibiotic residue in milk under the region of Bihar, India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 6(3): 2296-2299.","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2017.603.262"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahmoudi, R., Norian, R. and Pajohi-Alamoti, M. (2014) Antibiotic residues in Iranian honey by ELISA. Int. J. Food Prop., 17(10): 2367-2373.","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2013.809539"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muriuki, F.K., Ogara, W.O., Njeruh, F.M. and Mitema, E.S. (2001) Tetracycline residue levels in cattle meat from Nairobi slaughterhouse in Kenya. J. Vet. Sci., 2(2): 97-101.","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2001.2.2.97"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kosgey, A., Shitandi, A. and Marion, J.W. (2018) Antibiotic residues in milk from three popular Kenyan milk vending machines. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 98(5): 1520.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0409"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shitandi, A. and Sternesj\u00f6, \u00c5.S.E. (2001) Detection of antimicrobial drug residues in Kenyan milk. J. Food Saf., 21(4): 205-214.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00319.x"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Cheong, C.K., Hajeb, P., Jinap, S. and Ismail-Fitry, M.R. (2010) Sulfonamides determination in chicken meat products from Malaysia. Int. Food Res. J., 17(4  ): 885-892."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento, G.G.F., Maestro, V. and Campos, M.S.P. (2001) The occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk in commercial establishments in the city of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Nutr., 14(2): 119-124.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-52732001000200005"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olufemi, O.I. and Ehinmowo, A.A.E. (2009) Oxytetracycline residues in edible tissues of cattle slaughtered in Akure, Nigeria. Int. J. Food Saf., 11(2  ): 62-66.","DOI":"10.4314\/nvj.v31i2.68952"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ezenduka, E.V., Oboegbulem, S.I., Nwanta, J.A. and Onunkwo, J.I. (2011) Prevalence of antimicrobial residues in raw table eggs from farms and retail outlets in Enugu State, Nigeria. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 43(3): 557-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9730-z"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Omeiza, G.K., Kabir, J., Mamman, M., Ibrahim, H. and Fagbamila, I.O. (2012) Response of Nigerian farmers to a questionnaire on chloramphenicol application in commercial layers. Vet. Ital., 48(1): 87-93."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, A.I., Junaidu, A.U. and Garba, M.K. (2010) Multiple antibiotic residues in meat from slaughtered cattle in Nigeria. Int. J. Vet. Med., 8(1  ): 1.","DOI":"10.5580\/1fcd"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramatla, T., Ngoma, L., Adetunji, M. and Mwanza, M. (2017) Evaluation of antibiotic residues in raw meat using different analytical methods. Antibiotics, 6(4): 34.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics6040034"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adesiyun, A.A., Fasina, F.O., Abafe, O.A., Mokgoatlheng-Mamogobo, M., Adigun, O., Mokgophi, T. and Majokweni, Z. (2021) Occurrence and concentrations of residues of tetracyclines, polyether ionophores, and anthelmintics in livers of chickens sold in the informal market in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J. Food Sci., 84(4): 655-663.","DOI":"10.4315\/jfp-20-312"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goudah, A., Shah, S.S., Shin, H.C., Shim, J.H. and Abd El-Aty, A.M. (2007) Pharmacokinetics and mammary residual depletion of erythromycin in healthy lactating ewes. J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med., 54(10): 607-11.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00986.x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurwijila, L.R., Omore, A., Staal, S. and Mdoe, N.S. (2006) Investigation of the risk of exposure to antimicrobial residues present in marketed milk in Tanzania. J. Food Prot., 69(10): 2487-92.","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-69.10.2487"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nonga, H.E., Simon, C., Karimuribo, E.D. and Mdegela, R.H. (2010) Assessment of antimicrobial usage and residues in commercial chicken eggs from smallholder poultry keepers in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Zoonoses Public Health, 57(5): 339-344.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01226.x"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Er, B., Onurda\u011f, F.K., Demirhan, B., \u00d6zgacar, S.\u00d6., \u00d6ktem, A.B. and Abbaso\u011flu, U. (2013) Screening of quinolone antibiotic residues in chicken meat and beef sold in the markets of Ankara, Turkey. Poult. Sci., 92(8): 2212-2215.","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03072"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Nchima, G., Choongo, K., Muzandu, K., Nalubamba, K., Muma, J., Bumbangi, F., Monga, G. and Kangwa H. (2017) Determination of oxytetracycline and sulphamethazine residues in marketed beef from selected parts of Zambia to assess compliance with maximum residual limits. Am. J. Res. Commun., 5  : 42-64."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Darwish, W.S., Eldaly, E.A., El-Abbasy, M.T., Ikenaka, Y., Nakayama, S. and Ishizuka, M. (2013) Antibiotic residues in food: The African scenario. Jpn. J. Vet. Res., 61(Suppl): S13-S22."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown, K., Mugoh, M., Call, D.R. and Omulo, S. (2020) Antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria detected in milk marketed for human consumption in Kibera, Nairobi. PLoS One, 15(5): e0233413.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233413"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma, C., Rokana, N., Chandra, M., Singh, B.P., Gulhane, R.D., Gill, J.P.S., Ray, P., Puniya, A.K. and Panwar, H. (2018) Antimicrobial resistance: Its surveillance, impact, and alternative management strategies in dairy animals. Front. Vet. Sci., 4   : 237.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00237"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phillips, I., Casewell, M., Cox, T., De Groot, B., Friis, C., Jones, R. and Waddell, J. (2004) Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 53(1): 28-52.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg483"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christian, T., Schneider, R.J., F\u00e4rber, H.A., Skutlarek, D., Meyer, M.T. and Goldbach, H.E. (2003) Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 31(1): 36-44.","DOI":"10.1002\/aheh.200390014"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xian-Gang, H.U., Yi, L.U.O., Qi-Xing, Z.H.O. and Lin, X.U. (2008) Determination of thirteen antibiotics residues in manure by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 36(9): 1162-1166.","DOI":"10.1016\/s1872-2040(08)60063-8"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Dong, Y.H. and Wang, H. (2010) Residues of veterinary antibiotics in manures from feedlot livestock in eight provinces of China. Sci. Total Environ., 408(5): 1069-1075.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.11.014"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, C.Q., Zheng, L., Zhou, J.L. and Zhao, H. (2017) Persistence and risk of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes in major mariculture sites in Southeast China. Sci. Total Environ., 580  : 1175-1184.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.12.075"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Wang, J., Lu, C., Liao, Q., Gudda, F.O. and Ling, W. (2020) Antibiotics in animal manure and manure-based fertilizers: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment. Chemosphere, 255  : 127006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127006"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeghilet, N. and El Hadef, E.O.S. (2009) Optimisation des Param\u00e8tres de D\u00e9tection et de Quantification des R\u00e9sidus D\u2019antibiotiques dans la Viande Blanche par Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performence (HPLC). UMC, Theses.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9673(00)96024-2"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cantwell, H. and O\u2019keeffe, M. (2006) Evaluation of the Premi\u00ae Test and comparison with the One-Plate Test for the detection of antimicrobials in kidney. Food Addit. Contam., 23(2): 120-125.","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030500357433"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kilinc, B. and Cakli, S. (2008) Screening for antibiotic residues in the trout by the Four Plate test, Premi test and ELISA test. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 226(4): 795-799.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-007-0594-z"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahimi, Z., Shahbazi, Y. and Ahmadi, F. (2018) Comparative screening of chloramphenicol residue in chicken tissues using four plate test and Premi\u00ae test methods. Pharm. Sci., 24(2): 157-162.","DOI":"10.15171\/ps.2018.23"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kyselkov\u00e1, M., Jirout, J., Vrchotov\u00e1, N., Schmitt, H. and Elhottov\u00e1, D. (2015) Spread of tetracycline resistance genes at a conventional dairy farm. Front. Microbiol., 6  : 536.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00536"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mensah, S.E.P., Koudande, O.D., Aboh, B.A., Adjahoutonon, K.Y.K., Salifou, S., Mensah, G.A. and Abiola, F.A. (2019) Evaluation des r\u00e9sidus de t\u00e9tracyclines et de b\u00eata-lactamines dans le lait de vache produit au Centre B\u00e9nin. Rev. \u00c9lev. M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t. Pays Trop., 72(4): 181-185.","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v80i1.9"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siljanoski, A., Ciglari\u010d, R., Pezdir, T., Lain\u0161\u010dek, P. R., Dolenc, J., Stari\u010d, J. and \u0160inigoj-Ga\u010dnik, K. (2018) Detection of tetracycline and other antimicrobial residues in milk from cows with clinical mastitis treated by combination therapy. J Dairy Res., 85(3): 321-326.","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029918000389"},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"Broekaert, K., Ooghe, S. and Reybroeck, W. (2020) Validation Report of 4SENSOR BSTQ (KIT072) a Rapid Test for \u00df-lactams, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines and (Fluoro) Quinolones Detection in Milk (UNISENSOR sa, Seraing, Belgium)."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Han, X., Yu, X., Wang, S. and Zhai, H. (2021) Capillary electrophoresis-indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection of neomycin in fish. Chromatographia, 84(9): 1-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-021-04075-2"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khatibi, S.A., Hamidi, S. and Siahi-Shadbad, M.R. (2020) Current trends in sample preparation by solid-phase extraction techniques for the determination of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs: A review. Crit. Rev. Food, 61(20): 3361-3382.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1798349"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Qian, H. and Yao, W. (2012) Rapid detection method for nitrofuran antibiotic residues by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 235(3): 555-561.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-012-1752-5"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okocha, R.C., Olatoye, I.O. and Adedeji, O.B. (2018) Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture. Public Health Rev., 39(1): 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-018-0099-2"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aroeira, C.N., Feddern, V., Gressler, V., Contreras-Castillo, C.J. and Hopkins, D.L. (2021) Growth promoters in cattle and pigs: A review of legislation and implications for human health. Food Rev. Int., Food Rev. Int., Avaialbe from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87559129.2021.1961268. Retrieved on 10-03-2022.: 1-23.","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.1961268"},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"US Geological Survey. (2020) Potential Pathways for Veterinary Medicines in Soil and Water. Available from: https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/media\/images\/potential-pathways-veterinary-medicines-soil-and-water Retrieved on 13-07-2020."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mbarga, M.M.J., Andreevna, S.L. and Viktorovna, P.I. (2020) Evaluation of apparent microflora and study of antibiotic resistance of coliforms isolated from the shells of poultry eggs in Moscow-Russia. J. Adv. Microbiol., 20(4): 70-77.","DOI":"10.9734\/jamb\/2020\/v20i430242"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joseph, M.M.A., Podoprigora, I.V., Volina, E.G., Ermolaev, A.V. and Smolyakova, L.A. (2021) Evaluation of changes induced in the probiotic Escherichia coli M17 following recurrent exposure to antimicrobials. J. Pharm. Res. Int., 33(29B): 158-167.","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2021\/v33i29b31601"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muhammad, J., Khan, S., Su, J.Q., Hesham, A.E.L., Ditta, A., Nawab, J. and Ali, A. (2020) Antibiotics in poultry manure and their associated health issues: A systematic review. J. Soils Sediments, 20(1): 486-497.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-019-02360-0"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chee\u2010Sanford, J.C., Mackie, R.I., Koike, S., Krapac, I.G., Lin, Y.F., Yannarell, A.C. and Aminov, R.I. (2009) Fate and transport of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes following land application of manure waste. J. Environ. Qual., 38(3): 1086-1108.","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0128"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lundborg, C.S. and Tamhankar, A.J. (2017) Antibiotic residues in the environment of South East Asia. BMJ, 358  : j2440.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2440"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reis, A.C., Kolvenbach, B.A., Nunes, O.C. and Corvini, P.F. (2020) Biodegradation of antibiotics: The new resistance determinants-part I. N. Biotechnol., 54  : 34-51.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2019.08.002"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schaenzer, A.J. and Wright, G.D. (2020) Antibiotic resistance by enzymatic modification of antibiotic targets. Trends. Mol. Med., 26(8): 768-782.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.05.001"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, L., Zhou, Z., Zhu, L., Han, Y., Lin, Z., Feng, W. and Chen, H. (2020). Antibiotic resistance genes and microcystins in a drinking water treatment plant. Environ. Pollut., 258  : 113718.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113718"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pollock, J., Low, A.S., McHugh, R.E., Muwonge, A., Stevens, M.P., Corbishley, A. and Gally, D.L. (2020) Alternatives to antibiotics in a one-health context and the role genomics can play in reducing antimicrobial use. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 26(12): 1617-1621.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.02.028"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beyene, T. (2016) Veterinary drug residues in food-animal products: Its risk factors and potential effects on public health. J. Vet. Sci. Technol., 7(1): 1-7.","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000285"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Kyuchukova, R. (2020) Antibiotic residues and human health hazard-review. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 26(3): 664-668."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baynes, R.E., Dedonder, K., Kissell, L., Mzyk, D., Marmulak, T., Smith, G. and Riviere, J.E. (2016) Health concerns and management of select veterinary drug residues. Food Chem. Toxicol., 88  : 112-122.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.12.020"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raison-Peyron, N., Messaad, D., Bousquet, J. and Demoly, P. (2001) Anaphylaxis to beef in penicillin-allergic patient. Allergy, 56(8): 796-797.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.056008796.x"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donkor, E.S., Newman, M.J., Tay, S.C., Dayie, N.T., Bannerman, E. and Olu-Taiwo, M. (2011) Investigation into the risk of exposure to antibiotic residues contaminating meat and egg in Ghana. Food Control, 22(6): 869-873.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2010.11.014"},{"key":"ref84","unstructured":"Hautekeete, M.L. (1996) Hepatotoxicity of antibiotics. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg., 58(3): 290-296."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Gerven, N.M., de Boer, Y.S., Mulder, C.J., van Nieuwkerk, C.M. and Bouma, G. (2016) Auto immune hepatitis. World J. Gastroenterol., 22(19): 4651.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i19.4651"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Treiber, F.M. and Beranek-Knauer, H. (2021) Antimicrobial residues in food from animal origin a review of the literature focusing on products collected in stores and markets worldwide. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(5): 534.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050534"},{"key":"ref87","unstructured":"Botsoglou, N. and Fletouris, D. (2001) Drug Residues in Foods Pharmacology: Food Safety and Analysis. Mrcel Dekker, New York. p98-150."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mbarga, M.J.A., Podoprigora, I.V., Davares, A.K.L., Razan, M., Das, M.S. and Senyagin, A.N. (2021) Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles. Vet. World, 14(5): 1330-1341.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1330-1341"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stevens, D.L., Ma, Y., Salmi, D.B., McIndoo, E., Wallace, R.J. and Bryant, A.E. (2007) Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Infect. Dis., 195(2): 202-211.","DOI":"10.1086\/510396"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dopcea, G.N., Dopcea, I., Nanu, A.E., Digu\u0163\u0103, C.F. and Matei, F. (2020) Resistance and cross-resistance in Staphylococcus spp. strains following prolonged exposure to different antiseptics. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist., 21  : 399-404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.10.021"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lan, S., Li, Z., Su, A., Peng, Y., Liao, Y., Liu, X. and Tan, Q. (2021) Study on the mechanisms of the cross-resistance to TET, PIP, and GEN in Staphylococcus aureus mediated by the Rhizoma coptidis extracts. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 74(5): 330-336.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-021-00407-4"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baseri, N., Najar-Peerayeh, S. and Bakhshi, B. (2021) The effect of subinhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine on the evolution of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and the induction of mutations in walKR and vraTSR systems. Infect. Genet. Evol., 87  : 104628.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104628"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puangseree, J., Jeamsripong, S., Prathan, R., Pungpian, C. and Chuanchuen, R. (2021) Resistance to widely-used disinfectants and heavy metals and cross-resistance to antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs, pork and pig carcass. Food Control, 124  : 107892.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.107892"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arsene, M.M.J., Viktorovna, P.I., Grigorievna, V.E., Davares, A.K., Sergeevna, D.M. and Nikolaevna, S.I. (2021) Prolonged exposure to antimicrobials induces changes in susceptibility to antibiotics, biofilm formation and pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Pharm. Res. Int., 33(34B): 140-151.","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2021\/v33i34b31856"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pantosti, A., Sanchini, A. and Monaco, M. (2007) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol., 2(3): 323-334.","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.3.323"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/March-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/March-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/March-2022\/16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1652233322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.15\/March-2022\/16.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":96,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2022.662-671","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0916","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0972-8988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]}}}