{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:20:17Z","timestamp":1787170817668,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Veterinary World","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220\/UN3.15\/PT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220\/UN3.15\/PT\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: Escherichia coli causes a bacterial illness that frequently affects cats. Diseases caused by E. coli are treated using antibiotics. Because of their proximity to humans, cats possess an extremely high risk of contracting antibiotic resistance genes when their owners touch cat feces containing E. coli that harbor resistance genes. This study was conducted to identify multidrug-resistant E. coli and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing genes from cat rectal swabs collected at Surabaya City Veterinary Hospital to determine antibiotic sensitivity.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Samples of cat rectal swabs were cultured in Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth medium and then streaked on eosin methylene blue agar medium for bacterial isolation, whereas Gram-staining and IMViC tests were conducted to confirm the identification results. The Kirby\u2013Bauer diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic sensitivity, and the double-disk synergy test was used to determine ESBL-producing bacteria. Molecular detection of the genes TEM and CTX-M was performed using a polymerase chain reaction.\n\nResults: Based on morphological culture, Gram-staining, and biochemical testing, the results of sample inspection showed that of the 100 cat rectal swab samples isolated, 71 (71%) were positive for E. coli. Furthermore, 23 E. coli isolates (32.39%) demonstrated the highest resistance to ampicillin. Four isolates were confirmed to be multidurg-resistant and ESBL-producing strains. Molecular examination revealed that three E. coli isolates harbored TEM and CTX-M.\n\nConclusion: In conclusion, pet owners must be educated on the use of antibiotics to improve their knowledge about the risks of antibiotic resistance.\n\nKeywords: cat, Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase, multidrug resistance, public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1917-1925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T10:37:29Z","timestamp":1695292649000},"page":"1917-1925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2022.policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli genes isolated from cat rectal swabs at Surabaya Veterinary Hospital, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.14202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Thoriq Ihza","family":"Farizqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustofa Helmi","family":"Effendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Tatang Santanu","family":"Adikara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2994-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ira Sari","family":"Yudaniayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabay, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Dwi Syahni","family":"Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9421-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aswin Rafif","family":"Khairullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0470-3363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shendy Canadya","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research. Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5170-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otto Sahat Martua","family":"Silaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Senen, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safira","family":"Ramadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saumi Kirey","family":"Millannia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-365X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergius Erikson","family":"Kaben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusac Kristanto Khoda","family":"Waruwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crowley, S.L., Cecchetti, M. and McDonald, R.A. (2020) Our wild companions: Domestic cats in the anthropocene. Trends Ecol. Evol., 35(6): 477\u2013483.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.01.008"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hurley, K.F. and Levy, J.K. (2022) Rethinking the animal shelter\u2019s role in free-roaming cat management. Front. Vet. Sci., 9(1): 847081.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.847081"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sumner, C.L., Walker, J.K. and Dale, A.R. (2022) The implications of policies on the welfare of free-roaming cats in New Zealand. Animals (Basel), 12(3): 237.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030237"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Applebaum, J.W., Ellison, C., Struckmeyer, L., Zsembik, B.A. and McDonald, S.E. (2021) The impact of pets on everyday life for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front. Public Health, 9(1): 652610.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.652610"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rybolt, L.E., Sabunwala, S. and Greene, J.N. (2022) Zoonotic bacterial respiratory infections associated with cats and dogs: A case series and literature review. Cureus, 14(4): e24414.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24414"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eas, A., Lopes, R., Silva, A., Sampaio, F., Duque, D. and Brilhante-Sim\u00f5es, P. (2022) Bacterial isolates from urinary tract infection in dogs and cats in Portugal, and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: A retrospective study of 5 years (2017\u20132021). Antibiotics (Basel), 11(11): 1520.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111520"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Desvaux, M., Dalmasso, G., Beyrouthy, R., Barnich, N., Delmas, J. and Bonnet, R. (2020) Pathogenicity factors of genomic islands in intestinal and extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front. Microbiol., 11(1): 2065.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02065"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Sumampouw, O.J. (2018) The sensitivity test of antibiotics to Escherichia coli was caused the diarhhea on underfive children in Manado city. J. Curr. Pharm. Sci., 2(1): 104\u2013110."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M.H., Khailrullah, A.R., Kurniawan, S.C., Silaen, O.S.M., Riwu, K.H.P., Yustinasari, L.R., Afnani, D.A., Dameanti, F.N.A.E.P. and Ramandinianto, S.C. (2023) Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from several dairy farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1): 215\u2013221.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d240126"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haque, M., Rahman, N.A.A., McKimm, J., Sartelli, M., Kibria, G.M., Islam, M.Z., Lutfi, S.N.N.B., Othman, N.S.A.B. and Abdullah, S.L.B. (2019) Antibiotic use: A cross-sectional study evaluating the understanding, usage and perspectives of medical students and pathfinders of a public defence university in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel), 8(3): 154.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8030154"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Norris, J.M., Zhuo, A., Govendir, M., Rowbotham, S.J., Labbate, M., Degeling, C., Gilbert, G.L., Dominey-Howes, D. and Ward, M.P. (2019) Factors influencing the behaviour and perceptions of Australian veterinarians towards antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One, 14(10): e0223534.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223534"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riwu, K.H.P., Rantam, F.A., Effendi, M.H., Khairullah, A.R., Widodo, A., Kurniawan, S.C. and Ugbo, E.N. (2022) Molecular detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from wild deer. Biodiversitas, 23(8): 4256\u20134262.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d230849"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uddin, T.M., Chakraborty, A.J., Khusro, A., Zidan, B.R.M., Mitra, S., Emran, T.B., Dhama, K., Ripon, M.K.H., Gajd\u00e1cs, M., Sahibzada, M.U.K., Hossain, M.J. and Koirala, N. (2021) Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects. J. Infect. Public Health, 14(12): 1750\u20131766.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.10.020"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gargano, V., Gambino, D., Orefice, T., Cirincione, R., Castelli, G., Bruno, F., Interrante, P., Pizzo, M., Spada, E., Proverbio, D., Vicari, D., Salgado-Caxito, M., Benavides, J.A. and Cassata, G. (2022) Can stray cats be reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance? Vet. Sci., 9(11): 631.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9110631"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Varela, K., Brown, J.A., Lipton, B., Dunn, J., Stanek, D., Behravesh, C.B., Chapman, H., Conger, T.H., Vanover, T., Edling, T., Holzbauer, S., Lennox, A.M., Lindquist, S., Loerzel, S., Mehlenbacher, S., Mitchell, M., Murphy, M., Olsen, C.W. and Yager, C.M. (2022) A review of zoonotic disease threats to pet owners: A compendium of measures to prevent zoonotic diseases associated with non-traditional pets: Rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, backyard poultry, and other selected animals. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 22(6): 303\u2013360.","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0022"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waruwu, Y.K.K., Khairullah, A.R., Effendi, M.H., Lukiswanto, B.S., Afnani, D.A., Kurniawan, S.C., Silaen, O.S.M., Riwu, K.H.P., Widodo, A. and Ramandinianto, S.C. (2023) Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistance isolated from cats in animal clinic at Sidoarjo district, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1): 106\u2013111.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d240114"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Putra, G.D.S., Khairullah, A.R., Effendi, M.H., Lazuardi, M., Kurniawan, S.C., Afnani, D.A., Silaen, O.S.M., Waruwu, Y.K.K., Millannia, S.K., Widodo, A., Ramadhani, S., Farizqi, M.T.I. and Riwu, K.H.P. (2023) Detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairies milk in Medowo village of Kediri district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1): 423\u2013430.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d240149"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rzewuska, M., Czopowicz, M., Kizerwetter-\u015awida, M., Chrobak, D., B\u0142aszczak, B. and Binek, M. (2015) Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from infections in dogs and cats in Poland (2007\u20132013). ScientificWorldJournal, 2015(1): 408205.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/408205"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rawat, D. and Nair, D. (2010) Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. J. Glob. Infect. Dis., 2(3): 263\u2013274.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777x.68531"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salgado-Caxito, M., Benavides, J.A., Adell, A.D., Paes, A.C. and Moreno-Switt, A.I. (2021) Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in dogs and cats-a scoping review and meta-analysis. One Health, 12(1): 100236.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100236"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bastidas-Caldes, C., Romero-Alvarez, D., Valdez-V\u00e9lez, V., Morales, R.D., Montalvo-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Gomes-Dias, C. and Calvopi\u00f1a, M. (2022) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli in South America: A systematic review with a one health perspective. Infect. Drug Resist., 15(1): 5759\u20135779.","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s371845"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, J.J., Spychala, C.N., Hu, F., Sheng, J.F. and Doi, Y. (2015) Complete nucleotide sequences of bla(CTX-M)-harboring IncF plasmids from community-associated Escherichia coli strains in the United States. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59(1): 3002\u20133007.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04772-14"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eltai, N.O., Al Thani, A.A., Al-Ansari, K., Deshmukh, A.S., Wehedy, E., Al-Hadidi, S.H. and Yassine, H.M. (2018) Molecular characterization of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases Enterobacteriaceae causing lower urinary tract infection among pediatric population. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 7(1): 90.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0381-6"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Awosile, B.B., McClure, J.T., Saab, M.E. and Heider, L.C. (2018) Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from cats and dogs from the Atlantic provinces, Canada from 1994\u20132013. Can. Vet. J., 59(8): 885\u2013893."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palma, E., Tilocca, B. and Roncada, P. (2020) Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: An overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21(6): 1914.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061914"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M.H., Khairullah, A.R., Riwu, K.H.P., Yustinasari, L.R., Kurniawan, S.C., Ansori, A.N.M., Silaen, O.S.M. and Dameanti, F.N.A.E.P. (2022) Antibiotic sensitivity profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow\u2019s milk in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(10): 4971\u20134976.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d231002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tyasningsih, W., Ramandinianto, S.C., Ansharieta, R., Witaningrum, A.M., Permatasari, D.A., Wardhana, D.K., Effendi, M.H. and Ugbo, E.N. (2022) Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk in East Java, Indonesia. Vet. World, 15(8): 2021\u20132028.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.2021-2028"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khairullah, A.R., Sudjarwo, S.A., Effendi, M.H., Ramandinianto, S.C., Gelolodo, M.A., Widodo, A., Riwu, K.H.P., Kurniawati, D.A. and Rehman, S. (2022) Profile of multidrug resistance and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer. Biodiversitas, 23(6): 2853\u20132858.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d230610"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CLSI (2020) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420014495-6"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali, T., Rahman, S.U., Zhang, L., Shahid, M., Zhang, S., Liu, G., Gao, J. and Han, B. (2016) ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from cows suffering mastitis in China contain clinical class 1 integrons with CTX-M linked to IS CR1. Front. Microbiol., 7(1): 1931.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01931"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kristianingtyas, L., Effendi, M.H., Tyasningsih, W. and Kurniawan, F. (2020) Genetic identification of blactx-M gene and blatem gene on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from dogs. Indian Vet. J., 97(1): 17\u201321.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220402"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ansharieta, R., Ramandinianto, S.C., Effendi, M.H. and Plumeriastuti, H. (2021) Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum \u00df-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow\u2019s milk in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(4): 1600\u20131605.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220402"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahmahani, J., Salamah, S.,  Mufasirin, M., Tyasningsih, W. and Effendi, M.H. (2020) Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of domestic chicken in Surabaya traditional market. Biochem. Cell. Arch., 20(1): 2993\u20132997.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220137"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yanestria, S.M., Dameanti, F.N.A.E.P., Musayannah, B.G., Pratama, J.W.A., Witaningrum, A.M., Effendi, M.H. and Ugbo, E.N. (2022) Antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(9): 4460\u20134465.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d230911"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jayan, H., Pu, H. and Sun, D.W. (2022) Detection of bioactive metabolites in Escherichia coli cultures using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc., 76(7): 812\u2013822.","DOI":"10.1177\/00037028221079661"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bren, A., Park, J.O., Towbin, B.D., Dekel, E., Rabinowitz, J.D. and Alon, U. (2016) Glucose becomes one of the worst carbon sources for E. coli on poor nitrogen sources due to suboptimal levels of cAMP. Sci. Rep., 6(1): 24834.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24834"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rombouts, J.L., Kranendonk, E.M.M., Regueira, A., Weissbrodt, D.G., Kleerebezem, R. and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. (2020) Selecting for lactic acid producing and utilising bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 117(5): 1281\u20131293.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.157429108.88246196"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster, A.H. and Gescher, J. (2014) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of mixed-acid fermentation end products. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2(1): 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2014.00016"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zlatkov, N. and Uhlin, B.E. (2019) Absence of global stress regulation in Escherichia coli promotes pathoadaptation and Novel c-di-GMP-dependent metabolic capability. Sci. Rep., 9(1): 2600.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39580-w"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Romaniuk, J.A.H. and Cegelski, L. (2015) Bacterial cell wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by cell-wall and whole-cell NMR. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 370(1679): 20150024.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bourne, J.A., Chong, W.L. and Gordon, D.M. (2019) Genetic structure, antimicrobial resistance and frequency of human associated Escherichia coli sequence types among faecal isolates from healthy dogs and cats living in Canberra, Australia. PLoS One, 14(3): e0212867.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212867"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fasugba, O., Mitchell, B.G., Mnatzaganian, G., Das, A., Collignon, P. and Gardner, A. (2016) Five-year antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary Escherichia coli at an Australian tertiary hospital: Time series analyses of prevalence data. PLoS One, 11(10): e0164306.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164306"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Effendi, M.H., Tyasningsih, W., Yurianti, Y.A., Rahmahani, J., Harijani, N. and Plumeriastuti, H. (2021) Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(1): 304\u2013310.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220137"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Varela, M.F., Stephen, J., Lekshmi, M., Ojha, M., Wenzel, N., Sanford, L.M., Hernandez, A.J., Parvathi, A. and Kumar, S.H. (2021) Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(5): 593.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050593"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gasparrini, A.J., Markley, J.L., Kumar, H., Wang, B., Fang, L., Irum, S., Symister, C.T., Wallace, M., Burnham, C.A.D., Andleeb, S., Tolia, N.H., Wencewicz, T.A. and Dantas, G. (2020) Tetracycline-inactivating enzymes from environmental, human commensal, and pathogenic bacteria cause broad-spectrum tetracycline resistance. Commun. Biol., 3(1): 241.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0966-5"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Zhuang, Y., Zhu, X., Yao, F., Li, H., Li, H., Zou, X., Wu, J., Zhou, H., Nuer, G., Huang, Y., Li, S. and Peng, Q. (2019) YhjX regulates the growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of gentamicin and mediates the adaptive resistance to gentamicin. Front. Microbiol., 10(1): 1180.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01180"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kakoullis, L., Papachristodoulou, E., Chra, P. and Panos, G. (2021) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and novel antibiotic solutions. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(4): 415.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040415"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Egorov, A.M., Ulyashova, M.M. and Rubtsova, M.Y. (2018) Bacterial enzymes and antibiotic resistance. Acta Naturae, 10(4): 33\u201348.","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2018-10-4-33-48"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laws, M., Shaaban, A. and Rahman, K.M. (2019) Antibiotic resistance breakers: Current approaches and future directions. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 43(5): 490\u2013516.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz014"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Wibisono, F.M., Wibisono, F.J., Effendi, M.H., Plumeriastuti, H., Hidayatullah, A.R., Hartadi, E.B. and Sofiana, E.D. (2020) A review of salmonellosis on poultry farms: Public health importance. Syst. Rev. Pharm., 11(9): 481\u2013486."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kraemer, S.A., Ramachandran, A. and Perron, G.G. (2019) Antibiotic pollution in the environment: From microbial ecology to public policy. Microorganisms, 7(6): 180.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060180"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeng, S., Luo J., Li, X., Zhuo, C., Wu, A., Chen, X. and Huang, L. (2021) Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of CTX-M-55 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Guangzhou, China. Front. Microbiol., 12(1): 730012.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.730012"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benz, F., Huisman, J.S., Bakkeren, E., Herter, J.A., Stadler, T., Ackermann, M., Diard, M., Egli, A., Hall, A.R., Hardt, W.D. and Bonhoeffer, S. (2021) Plasmid- and strain-specific factors drive variation in ESBL-plasmid spread in vitro and in vivo. ISME J., 15(1): 862\u2013878.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00819-4"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Musa, H.A., Osman, M.A.M., Abdelaziz, Y.H., Mohamed, S. and Ibrahim-Saeed, M. (2019) Distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase TEM and CTX-M resistance genes among Proteus species isolated in Sudan. Vaccimonitor, 28(1): 80\u201384."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mah\u00e9rault, A.C., Kemble, H., Magnan, M., Gachet, B., Roche, D., Le Nagard, H., Tenaillon, O., Denamur, E., Branger, C. and Landraud, L. (2019) Advantage of the F2:A1:B-IncF pandemic plasmid over IncC plasmids in in vitro acquisition and Evolution of blaCTX-M gene-bearing plasmids in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 63(10): 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01130-19"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n, R., Gonz\u00e1lez-Alba, J.M. and Gal\u00e1n, J.C. (2012) CTX-M enzymes: Origin and diffusion. Front. Microbiol., 3(1): 110.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoon, E.J., Gwon, B., Liu, C., Kim, D., Won, D., Park, S.G., Choi, J.R. and Jeong, S.H. (2020) Beneficial chromosomal integration of the genes for CTX-M extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae for stable propagation. mSystems, 5(5): 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00459-20"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afnani, D.A., Fatih, N., Effendi, M.H., Tyasningsih, W., Khairullah, A.R., Kurniawan, S.C., Silaen, O.S.M., Ramandinianto, S.C., Widodo, A. and Riwu, K.H.P. (2022) Profile of multidrug resistance and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from cats in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(11): 5703\u20135709.","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d231121"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reygaert, W.C. (2018) An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiol., 4(3): 482\u2013501.","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2018.3.482"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, D., Ding, Y., Yao, K., Gao, W. and Wang, Y. (2021) Antimicrobial resistance analysis of clinical Escherichia coli isolates in neonatal ward. Front. Pediatr., 9(1): 670470.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.670470"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epand, R.M., Walker, C., Epand, R.F. and Magarvey, N.A. (2016) Molecular mechanisms of membrane targeting antibiotics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1858(5): 980\u2013987.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.10.018"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ibrahim, D.R., Dodd, C.E.R., Stekel, D.J., Meshioye, R.T., Diggle, M., Lister, M. and Hobman, J.L. (2023) Multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in clinical samples from the UK. Antibiotics (Basel), 12(1): 169.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010169"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun, D., Jeannot, K., Xiao, Y. and Knapp, C.W. (2019) Editorial: Horizontal gene transfer mediated bacterial antibiotic resistance. Front. Microbiol., 10(1): 1933.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01933"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamame, A., Davoust, B., Cherak, Z., Rolain, J.M. and Diene, S.M. (2022) Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in cats and dogs and their zoonotic transmission risks. Pathogens, 11(6): 698.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060698"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bebell, L.M. and Muiru, A.N. (2014) Antibiotic use and emerging resistance: How can resource-limited countries turn the tide? Glob. Heart, 9(3): 347\u2013358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.08.009"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scarborough, R., Hardefeldt, L., Browning, G. and Bailey, K. (2021) Pet owners and antibiotics: Knowledge, opinions, expectations, and communication preferences. Antibiotics (Basel), 10(11): 1326.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111326"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.16\/September-2023\/18.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T10:37:54Z","timestamp":1695292674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.16\/September-2023\/18.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1917-1925","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0916","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0972-8988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-6-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-8-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-9-21","order":2,"name":"published_online","label":"Published Online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}