{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:19:39Z","timestamp":1762957179565,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Veterinary World","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/ CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/ CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet World"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aim: Due to the particularities of the first steps of the game food chain, large game species are shot, bled, and handled in collection points (spot of evisceration and initial examination in the field). These steps of the game meat chain affect the microbiological quality of this type of meat, thus posing a risk to consumers. This study aimed to characterize the collection points in terms of central hygiene and biosecurity procedures\/requirements.\n\nMaterials and Methods: One survey with 16 questions was applied in 95 hunting areas throughout Portugal. It was a convenience sample obtained by direct visualization on-spot procedures. Four categories were characterized in the survey: Initial examination (performance assiduity and type of operator performing it), hygiene requirements on-spot (floor, ceiling, water, and electricity), biosecurity procedures such on initial examination (use of personal protective equipment as gloves, glasses, mask, and specific clothes), and by-products disposal (destination and packaging of by-products).\n\nResults: Sixty percentage (n = 57) eviscerated the carcasses and performed the initial examination on-spot. Moreover, most of the time (n = 71), the initial examination was carried out by veterinarians. However, the category that showed the best results was those related to the biosecurity procedures on initial examination, mainly with the use of the individual protective material (e.g., regular use of disposal clothes and specific clothes). Concerning the questions about the disposal of by-products, 66 game managers say that this was done correctly (69%), being the majority destination of the inspected carcasses was the burial (64%; n = 47).\n\nConclusion: This survey demonstrates an immediate need in all this problematic of the standardization of hygiene and biosecurity requirements of the collection points, which requires uniform application of rules. There is a lot of resistance and limitations to the inclusion of these requirements in collection points, due to lack of structural and financial conditions. However, training all those involved in the hunting area (hunters, game managers, authorities, etc.) creating rules that promote hunting food security and setting limits on the microbiological criteria of game meat are hot points to consider in the future.\n\nKeywords: food safety, good practices, public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.882-887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T10:28:36Z","timestamp":1682850516000},"page":"882-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2022.policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hygiene and biosecurity conditions of initial examination on-spot in Portugal: One step toward game meat safety"],"prefix":"10.14202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1040-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3305-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pureza","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zita","family":"Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1365-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Vieira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal."}]}],"member":"5308","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paulsen, P. (2011) Hygiene and microbiology of meat from wild game: An Austrian view. In: Game Meat Hygiene in Focus. 1st ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Netherlands, p19\u201337.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-723-3_1"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vieira-Pinto, M., Vinhas, B. and Coelho, C. (2014) Initial examination of wild large game on the spot-importance and rules. J. Nutr. Ecol. Food Res., 1(4): 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1166\/jnef.2013.1047"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giuggioli, G., Olivastri, A., Pennisi, L., Paludi, D., Ianieri, A. and Vergara, A. (2017) The hygiene-sanitary control in the wild game meats. Ital. J. Food Saf., 6(4): 6875.","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2017.6875"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niewiadomska, K., Kosicka-G\u0119bska, M., G\u0119bski, J., Gutkowska, K., Je\u017cewska-Zychowicz, M. and Su\u0142ek, M. (2020) Game meat consumption-conscious choice or just a game? Foods, 9(10): 1357.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101357"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van der Merwe, M., Hoffman, L.C., Jooste, P.J. and Calitz, F.J. (2013) The hygiene practices of three systems of game meat production in South Africa in terms of animal class and health compliance. Meat Sci., 94(1): 145\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2013.01.011"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casoli, C., Duranti, E., Cambiotti, F. and Avellini, P. (2005) Wild ungulate slaughtering and meat inspection. Vet. Res. Commun., 29(2): 89\u201395.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0028-y"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Bodnar, K., Erika, B.S., Tanacs, L. and Pinnyey, S. (2011) Consumers\u2019 opinion about the hygienic risks of the meat of wild ungulates. 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Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Vila Real, Portugal, p68.","DOI":"10.32932\/pjnh.2022.08.194"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atanassova, V., Apelt, J., Reich, F. and Klein, G. (2008) Microbiological quality of freshly shot game in Germany. Meat Sci., 78(4): 414\u2013419.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2007.07.004"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orsoni, F., Romeo, C., Ferrari, N., Bardasi, L., Merialdi, G. and Barbani, R. (2020) Factors affecting the microbiological load of Italian hunted wild boar meat (Sus scrofa). Meat Sci., 160(3): 107967.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.107967"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vieira-Pinto, M., Fernandes, A.R.G., Santos, M.H. and Marucci, G. (2021) Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal. Zoonoses Public Health, 68(2): 103\u2013109.","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12800"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lizana, V., Muniesa, A., Cardells, J., L\u00f3pez-Ramon, J., Aguil\u00f3-Gisbert, J., Lomillos, J.M. and Gort\u00e1zar, C. (2022) Safe game: Hygienic habits in self-consumption of game meat in Eastern Spain. Foods, 11(3): 368.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030368"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urosevic, M.I. and Ristic, Z.A. (2014) Veterinary and sanitary examination of game meat in the West-Balkan region-harmonisation with European Union legislation. In: Trends in Game Meat Hygiene: From Forest to Fork. 1st ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Netherlands, p245\u2013258.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-238-2_24"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mirceta, J., Petrovic, J., Malesevic, M., Blagojevic, B. and Antic, D. (2017) Assessment of microbial carcass contamination of hunted wild boars. Eur. J. 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(2021) Perception of the health threats related to the consumption of wild animal meat-is eating game risky? Foods, 10(7): 1544.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10071544"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soare, C., Mazeri, S., McAteer, S., McNeilly, T.N., Seguino, A. and Chase-Topping, M. (2022) The microbial condition of Scottish wild deer carcasses collected for human consumption and the hygiene risk factors associated with Escherichia coli and total coliforms contamination. Food Microbiol., 108: 104102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2022.104102"}],"container-title":["Veterinary World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.16\/April-2023\/27.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T10:28:47Z","timestamp":1682850527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.veterinaryworld.org\/Vol.16\/April-2023\/27.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2023.882-887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0916","0972-8988"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2231-0916"},{"type":"print","value":"0972-8988"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-1-6","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-3-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-4-29","order":2,"name":"published_online","label":"Published Online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}