{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:13:24Z","timestamp":1788318804044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Korean Society of Clinical Oncology","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["kjco.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Clin Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Gastric cancer is a major global health issue, especially in advanced stages with metastasis. However, anti-angiogenic treatments such as ramucirumab target vascular endothelial growth factor, yet the exact mechanisms behind hematogenous metastasis remain unclear. This study analyzed RNA sequencing data from TCGA to identify angiogenesis-related genes in metastatic gastric cancer.Methods: Patients were categorized into four metastasis types (non-metastasis, hematogenous, locoregional, and lymphatic) based on clinical data. cBioPortal was used to identify frequently mutated genes across five metastatic cancer studies. RNA sequencing and clinical data were obtained from the TCGA-STAD project. RNA expression levels were compared across metastasis groups using independent-samples t-tests, followed by false discovery rate adjustment for multiple comparisons.Results: RNA expression analysis was performed using a 132-gene analytical panel in the TCGA-STAD cohort. Among the 95-gene angiogenesis\/metastasis-related genes represented in this panel, &lt;i&gt;RAF1, ARID1A, ERBB3, FGFR3, BAP1, TSC2&lt;\/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;KDR&lt;\/i&gt; showed nominal expression differences in comparisons involving the hematogenous metastasis group. None of these differences remained statistically significant after false discovery rate correction.Conclusion: In this exploratory analysis, several candidate genes with prior literature support showed nominal expression differences in comparisons involving hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in independent cohorts and functional studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14216\/kjco.26411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:53:06Z","timestamp":1787874786000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14216\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targetable genes associated with hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer using the TCGA database"],"prefix":"10.14216","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2416-5313","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaeun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4258-2868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun Myong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-1142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoungyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3902-4982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yie-Ri","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3008-1787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji-Yeon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6958-7581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seungho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-8714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seungbok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-7986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hye Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-7633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung Un","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3929-796X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seong-Ho","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-6127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Do Joong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-647X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyuk-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3495-3048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han-Kwang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5309","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13480","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2016.03.22","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-24-738","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-019-00969-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02338-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i8.2434","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm197111182852108","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-014-0397-4","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010043","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13174","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23306","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.12.004","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002201","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.sabcs20-ot-18-01","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-17-0787","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1807670","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31959-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-16-0178","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2025.100859","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.982","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43293-5","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3983-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-018-0208-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02707-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1121-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5230\/jgc.2017.17.e1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5322-0","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.kjco.org\/upload\/pdf\/kjco-26411.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:24:27Z","timestamp":1788315867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/kjco.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14216\/kjco.26411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14216\/kjco.26411","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-8082","2288-4084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-8082","type":"print"},{"value":"2288-4084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}