{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:04:16Z","timestamp":1790201056456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Xia & He Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.xiahepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Transl Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2021.00247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:54:12Z","timestamp":1641257652000},"page":"356-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Glutaminolysis-ammonia-urea Cycle Axis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression and Development of Novel Therapies"],"prefix":"10.14218","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6255-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosario","family":"Garc\u00eda-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gil-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ampuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5334","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.033","article-title":"NAFLD and liver transplantation: Current burden and expected challenges","volume":"65","author":"Pais","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.183","article-title":"NAFLD, NASH and liver cancer","volume":"10","author":"Michelotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-043617","article-title":"Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"13","author":"Arab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.066","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"150","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0145-7","article-title":"From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges","volume":"16","author":"Anstee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10152","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32252-9","article-title":"GLOBOCAN 2018: counting the toll of cancer","volume":"392","author":"The","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.019","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Absence of Cirrhosis in United States Veterans is Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"14","author":"Mittal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2017.07.006","article-title":"New therapeutic perspectives in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Ampuero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise","volume":"67","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.013","article-title":"Targeting Hepatic Glutaminase 1 Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Restoring Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Assembly","volume":"31","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30890","article-title":"Ammonia Scavenging Prevents Progression of Fibrosis in Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"71","author":"De Chiara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1561","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.513","article-title":"Redox control of glutamine utilization in cancer","volume":"5","author":"Alberghina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s003350010190","article-title":"Identification of two human glutaminase loci and tissue-specific expression of the two related genes","volume":"11","author":"Aledo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524011313040005","article-title":"Glutaminase isoenzymes as key regulators in metabolic and oxidative stress against cancer","volume":"13","author":"Mat\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7619","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3196","article-title":"Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) is a biomarker for pathologic diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040996","article-title":"Co-expression of glutaminase K and L isoenzymes in human tumour cells","volume":"386","author":"P\u00e9rez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S160921","article-title":"A model of blood-ammonia homeostasis based on a quantitative analysis of nitrogen metabolism in the multiple organs involved in the production, catabolism, and excretion of ammonia in humans","volume":"11","author":"Levitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723752","article-title":"Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: the Impact of the Metagenome, End Products, and the Epithelial and Vascular Barriers","volume":"41","author":"Gil-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.061754","article-title":"Predictive value of arterial ammonia for complications and outcome in acute liver failure","volume":"55","author":"Bhatia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20152","article-title":"Prognostic value of altered oral glutamine challenge in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"39","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00330-6","article-title":"Altered response to oral glutamine challenge as prognostic factor for overt episodes in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"37","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75836","article-title":"Targeted inhibition of tumor-specific glutaminase diminishes cell-autonomous tumorigenesis","volume":"125","author":"Xiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.023","article-title":"DNA methylation suppresses expression of the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.022","article-title":"Hedgehog-YAP Signaling Pathway Regulates Glutaminolysis to Control Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells","volume":"154","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0291-5","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: central modulators of hepatic carcinogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8543763","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8543763","article-title":"Molecular Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis- (NASH-) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"2018","author":"Kutlu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20704","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141020704","article-title":"Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"14","author":"Takaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.023","article-title":"Urea cycle dysregulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","author":"De Chiara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.019","article-title":"Ammonia produces pathological changes in human hepatic stellate cells and is a target for therapy of portal hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Jalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23094","article-title":"Dysfunctional very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis and release is a key factor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18528","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.099333","article-title":"Specific contribution of methionine and choline in nutritional nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: impact on mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine and glutathione","volume":"285","author":"Caballero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1021\/pr200047c","article-title":"A proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabonomics approach for biomarker discovery in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.12.015","article-title":"The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type","volume":"15","author":"Yuneva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5268-0","article-title":"Silybin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in NASH Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Involvement with the Nf-\u03baB Pathway","volume":"63","author":"Ou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_470_17","article-title":"Pokeweed antiviral protein attenuates liver fibrosis in mice through regulating Wnt\/Jnk mediated glucose metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2981","article-title":"Regulation of cancer cell metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Cairns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.03.004","article-title":"NASH: a mitochondrial disease","volume":"42","author":"Pessayre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Stellate Cells: A PARADOXICAL RELATIONSHIP","volume":"7","author":"Gandhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"35","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901221106","article-title":"Glutamine-dependent anapleurosis dictates glucose uptake and cell growth by regulating MondoA transcriptional activity","volume":"106","author":"Kaadige","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182679","article-title":"Regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and activation by glutamine metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.06.023","article-title":"Succinate causes \u03b1-SMA production through GPR91 activation in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"463","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00455","article-title":"Succinate as a Regulator of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14844","article-title":"New drugs for NASH","volume":"41","author":"Albhaisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.04.008","article-title":"Novel Ammonia-Lowering Agents for Hepatic Encephalopathy","volume":"19","author":"Rahimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509840","article-title":"A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis","volume":"375","author":"Nevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10215","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.06.009","article-title":"The nuclear receptor FXR regulates hepatic transport and metabolism of glutamine and glutamate","volume":"1812","author":"Renga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.014","article-title":"Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Promotes Hepatic Amino Acid Catabolism and Ammonium Clearance in Mice","volume":"152","author":"Massafra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b53","first-page":"975","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of metabolic comorbidities: how to manage in clinical practice","volume":"130","author":"Perdomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i8.1105","article-title":"Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by correction of metabolic abnormalities: Role of statins and metformin","volume":"7","author":"Ampuero","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49279","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049279","article-title":"Metformin inhibits glutaminase activity and protects against hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ampuero","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.54803","article-title":"The role of GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis\/2-HG\/H3K4me3 and GSH\/ROS signals in Th17 responses counteracted by PPAR\u03b3 agonists","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02213.x","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous L-ornithine-L-aspartate on postural control in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Schmid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29530","article-title":"Solving doubts about L-ornithine L-aspartate for overt hepatic encephalopathy: Whom and how to treat","volume":"67","author":"Amodio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000491429","article-title":"Hepatoprotection by L-Ornithine L-Aspartate in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"37","author":"Butterworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1020-5","article-title":"L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) as a Novel Approach for Therapy of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"79","author":"Canbay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061","article-title":"L-Ornithine phenylacetate (OP): a novel treatment for hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"69","author":"Jalan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318299c789","article-title":"Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Ventura-Cots","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-021-00345-4","article-title":"Ammonia Removal by Metabolic Scavengers for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Butterworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.012","article-title":"Ornithine phenylacetate targets alterations in the expression and activity of glutamine synthase and glutaminase to reduce ammonia levels in bile duct ligated rats","volume":"60","author":"Jover-Cobos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220104005405_JCTH-D-21-00247-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00105","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.105","article-title":"Drug discovery and treatment paradigms in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Noureddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.xiahepublishing.com\/2310-8819\/JCTH-2021-00247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:20:43Z","timestamp":1783707643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.xiahepublishing.com\/2310-8819\/JCTH-2021-00247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/jcth.2021.00247","relation":{},"ISSN":["2225-0719","2310-8819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2225-0719","type":"print"},{"value":"2310-8819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]}}}