{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:04:21Z","timestamp":1787022261621,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Xia & He Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.xiahepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Transl Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2021.00344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T02:23:06Z","timestamp":1642645386000},"page":"531-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review"],"prefix":"10.14218","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Da Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Y.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5334","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.07.011","article-title":"Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community","volume":"125","author":"Bambha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02835.x","article-title":"Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore","volume":"17","author":"Ang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia)"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80240-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain","volume":"21","author":"Escorsell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13328","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis with and without inflammatory bowel disease in an Australian cohort","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b5","first-page":"e7116","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in the United Kingdom","volume":"96","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33202","article-title":"Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.038","article-title":"Patient age, sex, and inflammatory bowel disease phenotype associate with course of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"152","author":"Weism\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000747","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in the Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort study: prevalence, risk factors, and long-term follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Fraga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eu J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b9","first-page":"439","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"O\u2019toole","year":"2012","journal-title":"YJCGH"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21569","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis in Korea","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05063.x","article-title":"The impact of ulcerative colitis on the long-term outcome of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"35","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02635.x","article-title":"Enhanced innate immune responsiveness and intolerance to intestinal endotoxins in human biliary epithelial cells contributes to chronic cholangitis","volume":"31","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26993","article-title":"Cholangiocyte senescence by way of N-Ras activation is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"59","author":"Tabibian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34501","article-title":"Functional heterogeneity of cholangiocytes","volume":"22","author":"Marzioni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24691","article-title":"A biliary HCO umbrella constitutes a protective mechanism against bile acid-induced injury in human cholangiocytes","volume":"55","author":"Hohenester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9435","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209706200","article-title":"A G protein-coupled receptor responsive to bile acids","volume":"278","author":"Kawamata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.046","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"138","author":"Karlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012403","article-title":"Mutational characterization of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"5","author":"Hov","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80259-1","article-title":"Sclerosing cholangitis in adults with cystic fibrosis: A magnetic resonance cholangiographic prospective study","volume":"30","author":"Durieu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02282335","article-title":"Survey of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"41","author":"McGill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis and Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-0963-z","article-title":"Increased prevalence of CFTR mutations and variants and decreased chloride secretion in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"113","author":"Sheth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-018-0045-4","article-title":"An impaired biliary bicarbonate umbrella may be involved in dysregulated autophagy in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"98","author":"Sasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89631-4","article-title":"Role of miR-506 in ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Kempinska-Podhorodecka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000371670","article-title":"Bile Acids as Hormones: The FXR-FGF15\/19 pathway","volume":"33","author":"Kliewer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30509","article-title":"The Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Cilofexor (GS-9674) Improves Markers of Cholestasis and Liver Injury in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis","volume":"70","author":"Trauner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803978","article-title":"The bile acid receptor FXR is a modulator of intestinal innate immunity","volume":"183","author":"Vavassori","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000450988","article-title":"Apical sodium-dependent transporter inhibitors in primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"35","author":"Hegade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39573","article-title":"Impaired hepatic adaptation to chronic cholestasis induced by primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"6","author":"Milkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199907000-00015","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammation in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Ponsioen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b30","first-page":"277","article-title":"Does colectomy affect the progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802150-00017","article-title":"Clinical course and management of inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation","volume":"65","author":"Befeler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566600","article-title":"Vascular adhesion protein 1 mediates binding of T cells to human hepatic endothelium","volume":"110","author":"McNab","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9301","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07374-9","article-title":"Homing of mucosal lymphocytes to the liver in the pathogenesis of hepatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"359","author":"Grant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2511-y","article-title":"Circulating CD4+CD25+ regulatory t cells in the pathobiology of ulcerative colitis and concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Kekilli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373878","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/373878","article-title":"Biliary innate immunity: function and modulation","volume":"2010","author":"Harada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b36","first-page":"133","article-title":"Tolerance to microbial TLR ligands: Molecular mechanisms and relevance to disease","volume":"12","author":"Medvedev","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933563","article-title":"The medical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"26","author":"Cullen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3781","article-title":"Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"14","author":"Hov","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.657","article-title":"Clinical significance of antibodies against neutrophils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Seibold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1370","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-neutrophil antibody in primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis using an alkaline phosphatase technique","volume":"33","author":"Lo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.657","article-title":"Clinical significance of antibodies against neutrophils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Seibold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.1.120","article-title":"High frequency of autoantibodies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis that bind biliary epithelial cells and induce expression of CD44 and production of interleukin 6","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50236","article-title":"Are preformed antibodies to biliary epithelial cells of clinical importance in liver transplantation?","volume":"9","author":"Ge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80241-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"32","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.657","article-title":"Clinical significance of antibodies against neutrophils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Seibold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01214.x","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: A prognostic indicator in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"9","author":"Pokorny","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.06.005","article-title":"PR3-ANCA: a promising biomarker for ulcerative colitis with extensive disease","volume":"424","author":"Mahler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112877","article-title":"PR3-ANCA: A Promising Biomarker in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)","volume":"9","author":"Stinton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02392.x","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in Crohn\u2019s disease are associated with disease severity but not NOD2\/CARD15 mutations","volume":"135","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02166.x","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"132","author":"Muratori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80061-6","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"32","author":"Angulo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00123","article-title":"Serum biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528209182038","article-title":"HLA antigens and immunoregulatory t cells in ulcerative colitis associated with hepatobiliary disease","volume":"17","author":"Schrumpf","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.1.38","article-title":"Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-B8","volume":"24","author":"Chapman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130119","article-title":"Dual association of HLA DR2 and DR3 with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Donaldson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b56","first-page":"2775","article-title":"HLA antigens in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"24","author":"Noguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27543","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated to an extended B8-DR3 haplotype including particular MICA and MICB alleles","volume":"34","author":"Wiencke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.10.011","article-title":"Increased prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis among first-degree relatives","volume":"42","author":"Bergquist","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.682090","article-title":"Fine mapping and replication of genetic risk loci in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"47","author":"Srivastava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2580","article-title":"New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Rochman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.031","article-title":"Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci","volume":"57","author":"Folseraas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25977","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis identifies risk loci at GPR35 and TCF4","volume":"58","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.728","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies two non-HLA susceptibility loci","volume":"43","author":"Melum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24307","article-title":"Three ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci are associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and indicate a role for IL2, REL, and CARD9","volume":"53","author":"Janse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.09.020","article-title":"The gut microbiota contributes to a mouse model of spontaneous bile duct inflammation","volume":"66","author":"Schrumpf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27927","article-title":"Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"63","author":"Tabibian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"25","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4548","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i25.4548","article-title":"Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis","volume":"23","author":"Bajer","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310500","article-title":"The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls","volume":"66","author":"Kummen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2018.10.001","article-title":"Veillonella parvula spondylodiscitis","volume":"49","author":"Gouze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.16-0856","article-title":"The oral microbiome and human health","volume":"59","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311915","article-title":"The gut-adherent microbiota of PSC-IBD is distinct to that of IBD","volume":"66","author":"Quraishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318416","article-title":"Alterations of the bile microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"69","author":"Liwinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182924","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182924","article-title":"Bile microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Impact on disease progression and development of biliary dysplasia","volume":"12","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.046615","article-title":"PSC-IBD: a unique form of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"54","author":"Loftus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13516","article-title":"Patients with large-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis and Crohn\u2019s disease have a better outcome than those with ulcerative colitis, or without IBD","volume":"43","author":"Fevery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.07.015","article-title":"A unique clinical phenotype of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Halliday","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"28","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i28.4126","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated colitis: Characterization of clinical, histologic features, and their associations with liver transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Aranake-Chrisinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20220120022301_JCTH-D-21-00344-b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318196d018","article-title":"Pathologic features of ulcerative colitis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A case-control study","volume":"33","author":"Joo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publinestorage.blob.core.windows.net\/journals\/XXXX.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:20:21Z","timestamp":1783707621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.xiahepublishing.com\/2310-8819\/JCTH-2021-00344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/jcth.2021.00344","relation":{},"ISSN":["2225-0719","2310-8819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2225-0719","type":"print"},{"value":"2310-8819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}