{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:04:18Z","timestamp":1789916658141,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jada.ada.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T20:23:04Z","timestamp":1389212584000},"page":"307-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Down Syndrome and Sleep-Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"H. Barry","family":"Waldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faysal M.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib1","author":"National Association for DS"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib2","author":"Nemours Foundation"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib3","author":"Aetna InteliHealth"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib4","author":"Urquhart"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00483.x","article-title":"Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Bittles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.039","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing symptoms are associated with poor cognitive function in 5-year-old children","volume":"145","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.2.240","article-title":"Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with oral appliances: an update for 2005","volume":"29","author":"Kushida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.3.360","article-title":"Snoring, sleep disturbance, and behavior in 4\u20135 year olds","volume":"68","author":"Ali","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Did Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.1.132","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Marcus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1987.tb08818.x","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction with hypoxaemia and sleep disruption in Down syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Southall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601113340207","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"334","author":"Strollo","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","article-title":"The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults","volume":"328","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.111591","article-title":"Severity of obstructive apnea in children with Down syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.7.655","article-title":"Prospective polysomnographic analysis of obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Dyken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib15","author":"American Sleep Apnea Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.2.430","article-title":"Long-term compliance rates to continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based study","volume":"121","author":"Sin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib17","author":"National Institutes of Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei186","article-title":"Paternal age and congenital malformations","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib19","author":"National Down Syndrome Congress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80606-7","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation, physician bias, and Down syndrome: ethical reflections","volume":"114","author":"Churchill","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib21","first-page":"463","article-title":"Racial disparities in median age of death of persons with Down syndrome: United States, 1968\u20131997","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib22","first-page":"420","article-title":"Down syndrome and Alzheimer&apos;s disease: children grow older","volume":"56","author":"Waldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0941-7","article-title":"Relative rather than absolute macroglossia in patients with Down syndrome: implications for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"38","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3104\/reviews.84","article-title":"Dental care for the patient with Down syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Pilcher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Down Syndr Res Pract"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00457.x","article-title":"Dental caries and salivary immunoglobulin A in Down syndrome children","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1991.tb00819.x","article-title":"Dental caries and periodontitis in persons with Down syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ulseth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2005.tb01405.x","article-title":"A comparison of caries rates in non-institutionalized individuals with and without Down syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Fung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.4.432","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: should all children with Down syndrome be tested?","volume":"132","author":"Shott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.3.449","article-title":"Inattention, hyperactivity, and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"109","author":"Chervin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-375OC","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and sleep disordered breathing in adolescents","volume":"176","author":"Redline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib31","series-title":"Stedman&apos;s Medical Dictionary","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib32","series-title":"Taber&apos;s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib33","author":"Medical Dictionary Online"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib34","author":"Epworth Sleepiness Scale"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib35","series-title":"Conn&apos;s Current Therapy 2004","article-title":"Insomnia","author":"Neuberger","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.063644","article-title":"Randomised study of thee non-surgical treatments in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"62","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib37","first-page":"192","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in infants and children: a review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Ivanhoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib38","first-page":"398","article-title":"Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Donaldson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.887","article-title":"Objective measurement of patterns of nasal CPAP use by patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"147","author":"Kribbs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30095","article-title":"Down syndrome: common otolaryngologic manifestations","volume":"142C","author":"Shott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0084-8","article-title":"Review of oral appliances for treatment of sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"11","author":"Hoffstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.2.244","article-title":"Oral appliances for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review","volume":"29","author":"Ferguson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib43","article-title":"Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea (update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;[1]:CD004435)","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2004213","article-title":"A randomized, controlled study of a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"163","author":"Mehta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00491-8","article-title":"Sleep disorders and oral devices","volume":"45","author":"Ivanhoe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib46","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","first-page":"929","article-title":"Dental appliances in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea","author":"Lowe","year":"2000"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(99)70010-7","article-title":"Dental considerations in upper airway sleep disorders: a review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Ivanhoe","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817714608734?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817714608734?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T04:03:49Z","timestamp":1757563429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002817714608734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002817714608734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Down Syndrome and Sleep-Disordered Breathing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0159","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}