{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T05:19:53Z","timestamp":1793769593781,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"The Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-neurospine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurospine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has evolved as a safe, effective, and efficient alternative for minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). The innovation of full-endoscopic systems makes definitive decompression surgery through different approaches feasible. The approach can be determined according to the location of the target lesion or the surgeon's preference. During the past 2 decades, ESS has expanded its indications from lumbar to cervical spines. Except for decompression, endoscopy-assisted fusion surgery is also developing. However, ESS is still evolving and has a steep learning curve. The revolution of technologies and ESS techniques will enable surgeons to treat various spinal diseases more practically. In recent years, the application of the computer-assisted navigation system and augmented reality have reformed imaging quality and interpretation. The endoscopic rhizotomy techniques have opened a new way for MISS of chronic low back pain. This review introduces the current indications of ESS and its potential future expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2346190.095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T04:21:01Z","timestamp":1680236461000},"page":"33-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14245\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Current Indications for Spinal Endoscopic Surgery and Potential for Future Expansion"],"prefix":"10.14245","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-7597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kuo-Tai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-0875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-6761","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abel Po-Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0998-0899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin Hsiu-Chu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-8588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chien-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5355","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.06.023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.7.17634"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"931","volume-title":"Full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal lumbar discectomy versus conventional microsurgical technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study","author":"Ruetten","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2015.18.61"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2009.46.6.515"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.12.051"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Arthroscopic microdiskectomy","author":"Kambin","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Posterolateral endoscopic excision for lumbar disc herniation: surgical technique, outcome, and complications in 307 consecutive cases","author":"Yeung","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.10.06"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.096"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31817bfa1a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219887364"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Determining spinal level using the inferior angle of the scapula as a reference landmark: a retrospective analysis of 50 radiographs","author":"Haneline","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509150-00001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.50.1074"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2040166.060"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.038"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for L5-S1 disc herniation: transforaminal versus interlaminar approach","author":"Choi","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after conventional discectomy: a prospective, randomized study comparing full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal versus microsurgical revision","author":"Ruetten","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opaa360"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Bilateral operation of lumbar degenerative central spinal stenosis in full-endoscopic interlaminar technique with unilateral approach: prospective 2-year results of 74 patients","author":"Komp","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05549-0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.spine18689"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.focus195"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.10.025"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1042184"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.080"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.044"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.02.206"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0441-y"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05287-9"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8166"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0000000000000827"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-020-09748-6"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5513-4"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06520-6"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.34.1.68"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.4.0623"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.spine171096"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.11.19"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23075"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/case20138"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.152"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05318-z"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0684-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020371"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198807000-00031"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1642-0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.2.spine211500"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.12.focus18701"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s389602"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.06.007"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"E87","volume-title":"Pain-free survival after endoscopic rhizotomy versus radiofrequency for lumbar facet joint pain: a real-world comparison study","author":"Du","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1533-y"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-05042-4"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04682-2"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab228"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2834259"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5637-6"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.075"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.175"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.206"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.spine15366"}],"container-title":["Neurospine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-neurospine.org\/upload\/pdf\/ns-2346190-095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-neurospine.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14245\/ns.2346190.095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-neurospine.org\/upload\/pdf\/ns-2346190-095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T04:23:46Z","timestamp":1680236626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-neurospine.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14245\/ns.2346190.095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14245\/ns.2346190.095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2586-6583","2586-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2586-6583","type":"print"},{"value":"2586-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}