{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:50:49Z","timestamp":1792007449726,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T02:40:20Z","timestamp":1674182420000},"page":"223-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Utility of Environmental Complexity as a Predictor of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: A Big-Data Machine Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib1","unstructured":"The US Center for Disease Controls and Prevention. 10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer's. 10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer's, 2019."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib2","author":"The Alzheimer's Association"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2190\/E6J1-PUX7-J43C-090B","article-title":"Looking for Signs of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"56","author":"Hodgson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2009.00436.x","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: Seeing the signs early","volume":"21","author":"Leifer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.166801","article-title":"Misplacing objects in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a descriptive analysis from the VISTA clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Hamilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324715","article-title":"Family physicians' recommendations for help-seeking for a person with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Werner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3822","article-title":"Personality traits and behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease: Personality and BPS in patients at an early stage of AD","volume":"28","author":"Pocnet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.11.1491","article-title":"Spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"61","author":"Monacelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006189","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006189","article-title":"Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"1","author":"Serrano-Pozo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib10","first-page":"219","article-title":"Subjective Spatial Navigation Complaints \u2014 A Frequent Symptom Reported by Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline","volume":"15","author":"Cerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib11","first-page":"107","article-title":"The effect of Alzheimer's disease on spatial navigation strategies. Neurobiol","volume":"64","author":"Parizkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.004","article-title":"A manifold of spatial maps in the brain","volume":"14","author":"Derdikman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035259","article-title":"One spatial map or many? Spatial coding of connected environments","volume":"40","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450020208","article-title":"Navigation by fragment fitting: A theory of hippocampal function","volume":"2","author":"Worden","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01237","article-title":"Can Grid Cell Ensembles Represent Multiple Spaces?","volume":"31","author":"Spalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00313","article-title":"Spatial Cognition and the Hippocampus: The Anterior-Posterior Axis","volume":"25","author":"Nadel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11649","article-title":"The entorhinal grid map is discretized","volume":"492","author":"Stensola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7103","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-18-07103.1997","article-title":"Recalling Routes around London: Activation of the Right Hippocampus in Taxi Drivers","volume":"17","author":"Maguire","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.11.018","article-title":"Acquiring \u201cthe Knowledge\u201d of London's Layout Drives Structural Brain Changes","volume":"21","author":"Woollett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090723","article-title":"lace Cells, Grid Cells, and the Brain's Spatial Representation System","volume":"31","author":"Moser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.12.023","article-title":"Tau Pathology Induces Excitatory Neuron Loss, Grid Cell Dysfunction, and Spatial Memory Deficits Reminiscent of Early Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"93","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.09.008","article-title":"Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Biochim. Biophys","volume":"1739","author":"Iqbal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta BBA \u2014 Mol. Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.3914","article-title":"The Alzheimer's Disease Exposome","volume":"15","author":"Finch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180631","article-title":"Air Pollution and Dementia: A Systematic Review","volume":"70","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207559","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7559","article-title":"Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology","volume":"3","author":"Powell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr236","article-title":"The exposome: from concept to utility","volume":"41","author":"Wild","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8869","article-title":"Space and time in the brain","volume":"358","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120510","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0510","article-title":"Space in the brain: how the hippocampal formation supports spatial cognition","volume":"369","author":"Hartley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib29","series-title":"The Image of the City","author":"Lynch","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1068\/b260133","article-title":"A methodology for The Image of the City","volume":"26","author":"Banai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004","article-title":"OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks","volume":"65","author":"Boeing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808318784595","article-title":"A multi-scale analysis of 27,000 urban street networks: Every US city, town, urbanized area, and Zillow neighborhood","volume":"47","author":"Boeing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci3010028","article-title":"Street Network Models and Measures for Every U.S. City, County, Urbanized Area, Census Tract, and Zillow-Defined Neighborhood","volume":"3","author":"Boeing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urban Sci"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib34","author":"SafeGraph"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837","article-title":"Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories","volume":"97","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152876","article-title":"Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated with the Meanings of Nouns","volume":"320","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib37","article-title":"Explaining World-Wide Variation in Navigation Ability from Millions of People: Citizen Science Project Sea Hero Quest. Top. Cogn. Sci","volume":"12590","author":"Spiers","year":"2021","journal-title":"tops"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys103","article-title":"Geographical variation in dementia: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Russ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200277","article-title":"Age-Related Chronic Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease in Texas: A Hispanic Focused Study","volume":"5","author":"Sheladia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200491","article-title":"Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Prevalence Differs by Appalachian Residence in Ohio","volume":"76","author":"Wing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190331","article-title":"Air Pollution, Combustion and Friction Derived Nanoparticles, and Alzheimer's Disease in Urban Children and Young Adults","volume":"70","author":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib42","first-page":"9","article-title":"Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline in Older Women","volume":"172","author":"Weuve","year":"2012","journal-title":"ARCH INTERN MED"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib43","article-title":"Brain correlates of urban environmental exposures in cognitively unimpaired individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease: A study on Barcelona's population. Alzheimers Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis","volume":"13","author":"Falc\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monit"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib44","series-title":"Environmental Neuroscience: Advancing the Understanding of How Chemical Exposures Impact Brain Health and Disease: Proceedings of a Workshop","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150855","article-title":"Spatial Navigation in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"52","author":"Allison","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0031-x","article-title":"Spatial navigation deficits \u2014 overlooked cognitive marker for preclinical Alzheimer disease?","volume":"14","author":"Coughlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.18_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12031","article-title":"Spatial navigation ability predicts progression of dementia symptomatology","volume":"16","author":"Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580724002309?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580724002309?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T21:10:51Z","timestamp":1737321051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2274580724002309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2274580724002309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2023.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2274-5807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2274-5807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utility of Environmental Complexity as a Predictor of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: A Big-Data Machine Learning Approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2023.18","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}