{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:48:43Z","timestamp":1792205323628,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for prevention of the first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP; primary prophylaxis 1\u00b0) and subsequent episodes (secondary prophylaxis 2\u00b0). We aimed to compare outcomes in cirrhotic inpatients on 1\u00b0 vs 2\u00b0 SBP prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease were evaluated for cirrhosis details, reasons for admission\/medications, inpatient course recorded, and outcomes over 90 days. Outcomes (intensive care units, acute kidney injury, inpatient\/90-day mortality) were compared between the 2 groups after propensity-matching on admission model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and serum albumin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 2,731 patients enrolled, 305 were on 1\u00b0 and 187 on 2\u00b0 SBP prophylaxis. After propensity-matching, 154 patients remained in each group. Patients on 1\u00b0 prophylaxis were more likely to have admission systemic inflammatory response syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), with higher intensive care unit admissions (31% vs 21%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05) and inpatient mortality (19% vs 9%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) than the 2\u00b0 prophylaxis group. Patients on 2\u00b0 prophylaxis had higher total (22% vs 10%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0004), readmission (16% vs 9%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), and nosocomial (6% vs 0.5%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) SBP rates with predominant Gram-negative organisms compared to 1\u00b0 prophylaxis patients. At 90 days, 1\u00b0 prophylaxis patients had a higher mortality (35% vs 22%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and acute kidney injury incidence (48% vs 30%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) compared to 2\u00b0 prophylaxis patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this inpatient cirrhosis study, despite prophylaxis, a high proportion of patients developed SBP, which was associated with mortality. Cirrhotic inpatients on 1\u00b0 prophylaxis had worse outcomes than those on 2\u00b0 prophylaxis when propensity-matched for the MELD score and serum albumin during the index admission and 90-day follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T20:21:32Z","timestamp":1548793292000},"page":"599-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis on Primary Compared to Secondary Prophylaxis for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jasmohan S.","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puneeta","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline G.","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dallas VA Medical Center and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott W.","family":"Biggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;"},{"name":"University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Garcia-Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Maliakkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"},{"name":"University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA;"},{"name":"University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Thuluvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo E.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram M.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leroy R.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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