{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:05:35Z","timestamp":1790096735090,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Gastroenterol","Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Common nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD<\/jats:italic>\n                      2) gene variants have been associated with bacterial infections (BIs) in cirrhosis, in particular, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the independent association of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants with BI according to the decompensation stage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consecutive patients with cirrhosis in 2 academic medical centers were included and genotyped for the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants p.R702W, p.G908R, and c.3020insC. Electronic medical records were screened for BI (requiring antibiotic therapy) and past and present decompensation (as defined by variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, ascites, and\/or jaundice). Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) was assessed with liver stiffness and\/or hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 735 patients were recruited (men 65%; interquartile age range 53\u201368 years). Alcoholic cirrhosis was the predominant etiology (n = 406, 55%), and most patients were in the decompensated stage (n = 531, 72%). In total, 158 patients (21%) carried at least one\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variant. BIs were detected in 263 patients (36%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants were associated with BI (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.11\u20132.27;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). In compensated patients, the combination of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants and presence of CSPH was the best independent predictors of BI, whereas other factors, such as spleen size and hemoglobin, and decompensations including hepatic encephalopathy or jaundice, gained relevance in decompensated patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      risk variants are associated with BI in cirrhosis. The genetic effect on BI is strongest in compensated patients, whereas in decompensated patients their presence is less relevant. In this situation, CSPH becomes an independent factor associated with BI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1548878086000},"page":"e00002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Common NOD2 Risk Variants as Major Susceptibility Factors for Bacterial Infections in Compensated Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matthias Christian","family":"Reichert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Martin-Luther University, Halle, 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Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Appenrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zipprich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.13805","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2010: Burden of 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