{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:46:33Z","timestamp":1786545993603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Gastroenterol","Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Expression of prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway enzymes in mucinous pancreatic cysts is unknown. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition is a potential cancer chemoprevention strategy for these lesions. We evaluated the expression of COX-2, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and protein kinase B (AKT) in the epithelium of pancreatic cysts and correlated enzyme expression with aspirin (ASA) use and cyst fluid prostaglandin E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) concentration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pathology of 80 resected pancreatic cysts was reviewed. Expression of COX-2, cPLA2, and AKT was quantified by tissue immunohistochemistry immunoreactivity scores (IRSs). IRS values were compared between cyst types and (in 30 cases) with matched cyst fluid PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean IRS was higher in the epithelium of mucinous vs nonmucinous cysts for COX-2 (6.1 \u00b1 4.7 vs 3.2 \u00b1 2.8,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and cPLA2 (6.9 \u00b1 3.0 vs 2.9 \u00b1 2.9,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Cyst epithelial COX-2 expression was higher in mucinous cysts with low-grade dysplasia vs those with high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma (IRS 8.0 \u00b1 3.9 vs 1.5 \u00b1 2.9,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), whereas the opposite was found for cPLA2 (6.2 \u00b1 3.0 vs 8.6 \u00b1 2.3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005). Cyst fluid PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations did not correlate with either the IRS or a history of low- to moderate-dose ASA use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COX-2 and cPLA2 are overexpressed in the epithelium of mucinous pancreatic cysts. COX-2 and\/or cPLA2 inhibition might prevent the emergence or progression of mucinous pancreatic cysts, but higher doses of ASA or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be necessary to substantially inhibit cyst epithelial COX-2 activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T23:16:59Z","timestamp":1555888619000},"page":"e00028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cyclooxygenase-2 and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Are Overexpressed in Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elsie T.","family":"Mensah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Smyrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Wood-Wentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navtej","family":"Buttar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh T.","family":"Chari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferga C.","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret T.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhi","family":"Vege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Enders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Limburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Topazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.122","article-title":"Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2012.04.004","article-title":"International 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