{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:08:49Z","timestamp":1789517329508,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Gastroenterol","Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complication of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Whether pancreatogenic diabetes associated with CP-DM represents a discrete pathophysiologic entity from type 2 DM (T2DM) remains uncertain. Addressing this question is needed for development of specific measures to manage CP-DM. We approached this question from a unique standpoint, hypothesizing that if CP-DM and T2DM are separate disorders, they should be genetically distinct. To test this hypothesis, we sought to determine whether a genetic risk score (GRS) based on validated single nucleotide polymorphisms for T2DM could distinguish between groups with CP-DM and T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used 60 T2DM single nucleotide polymorphisms to construct a weighted GRS in 1,613 subjects from the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 and 2,685 subjects from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, all of European origin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean GRS was identical between 321 subjects with CP-DM and 423 subjects with T2DM (66.53 vs 66.42,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.95), and the GRS of both diabetic groups was significantly higher than that of nondiabetic controls (n = 3,554,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Exploratory analyses attempting to enrich the CP-DM group for pancreatogenic diabetes, such as eliminating diabetes diagnosed before CP, requiring pancreas-specific comorbidities, or removing those with a family history of diabetes, did not improve the ability of the GRS to distinguish between CP-DM and T2DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing that we lacked a gold standard to define CP-DM, our study suggests that CP-DM may be a subtype of T2DM, a notion that should be tested in future, large prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T13:09:50Z","timestamp":1561208990000},"page":"e00057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Genetic Risk Score in Diabetes Associated With Chronic Pancreatitis Versus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrui","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yii-Der I.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Pankow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome I.","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Alkaade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Health Specialists, Tupelo, 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Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Forsmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Gelrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GastroHealth and Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Hospital, Miami, Florida, 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Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Mel","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Pandol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter G.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana K.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 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