{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:46:33Z","timestamp":1792194393780,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T02:21:38Z","timestamp":1419214898000},"page":"91-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["White blood cells levels and PCOS: direct and indirect relationship with obesity and insulin resistance, but not with hyperandogenemia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Papalou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarantis","family":"Livadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Karachalios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikoleta","family":"Tolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayiotis","family":"Kokkoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tripolitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanthia","family":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"14010091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.11.6148","volume":"84","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, et al, A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. 1999 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 4006\u20134011.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.032","volume":"95","author":"R Azziz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO, 2011 Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder? Fertil Steril 95: 1544\u20131548.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"14010091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","volume":"89","author":"R Azziz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO, 2004 The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 2745\u20132749.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep399","volume":"25","author":"WA March","year":"2010","unstructured":"March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ, 2010 The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod 25: 544\u2013551.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"14010091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al, 2006 Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 4237\u20134245.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034","volume":"33","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A, 2012 Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev 33: 981\u20131030.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"14010091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537878","volume":"111","author":"P Libby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Libby P, Theroux P, 2005 Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Circulation 111: 3481\u20133488.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"14010091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323","volume":"420","author":"P Libby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Libby P, 2002 Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420: 868\u2013874.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"14010091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090101035","volume":"267","author":"WB Kannel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Anderson K, Wilson PW, 1992 White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease. Insights from the Framingham Study. JAMA 267: 1253\u20131256.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"14010091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2005","volume":"86","author":"A Tedgui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tedgui A, Mallat Z, 2006 Cytokines in atherosclerosis: pathogenic and regulatory pathways. Physiol Rev 86: 515\u2013581.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"14010091_CR11","first-page":"108","volume":"116","author":"I Jialal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jialal I, Devaraj S, 2001 Inflammation and atherosclerosis: the value of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay as a risk marker. Am J Clin Pathol 116: Suppl 1: 108\u2013115.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"14010091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00978.x","volume":"14","author":"M Hulsmans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hulsmans M, Holvoet P, 2010 The vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 14: 70\u201378.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"14010091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04454.x","volume":"78","author":"N Phelan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Phelan N, O\u2019Connor A, Kyaw Tun T, et al, 2013 Leucocytosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is incompletely explained by obesity and insulin resistance. Clin Endocrinol 78: 107\u2013113.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.036","volume":"95","author":"HF Escobar-Morreale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramirez M, Gonzalez F, 2011 Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertil Steril 95: 1048\u20131058.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"14010091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0628","volume":"90","author":"F Orio Jr.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Orio F Jr., Palomba S, Cascella T, et al, 2005 The increase of leukocytes as a new putative marker of low-grade chronic inflammation and early cardiovascular risk in polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031365","volume":"89","author":"HF Escobar-Morreale","year":"2004","unstructured":"Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI, Villuendas G, Sancho J, San Mill\u00e1n JL, 2004 Serum interleukin-18 concentrations are increased in the polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to insulin resistance and to obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 806\u2013811.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0751","volume":"89","author":"I Tarkun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tarkun I, Arslan BC, Canturk Z, T\u00fcremen E, Sahin T, Duman C, 2004 Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 5592\u20135596.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.015","volume":"1092","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Paterakis T, Kandarakis HA, 2006 Indices of low-grade inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1092: 175\u2013186.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"14010091_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1320","volume":"10","author":"C Christakou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christakou C, Economou F, Livadas S, et al, 2011 Strong and positive association of endothelin-1 with AGEs in PCOS: a causal relationship or a bystander? Hormones (Athens) 10: 292\u2013297.","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"14010091_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500793","volume":"150","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Palioniko G, Alexandraki K, Bergiele A, Koutsouba T, Bartzis M, 2004 The prevalence of 4G5G polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with plasma PAI-1 levels. Eur J Endocrinol 150: 793\u2013798.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02170.x","volume":"62","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Piperi C, Kalofoutis A, Creatsas G, 2005 Increased levels of serum advanced glycation end-products in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 62: 37\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0510","volume":"160","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Piouka A, Livadas S, et al, 2009 Anti-mullerian hormone is associated with advanced glycosylated end products in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 160: 847\u2013853.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0133","volume":"157","author":"F Orio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orio F, Manguso F, Di Biase S, et al, 2007 Metformin administration improves leukocyte count in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a 6-month prospective study. Eur J Endocrinol 157: 69\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92552-8","volume":"2","author":"J Adams","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adams J, Franks S, Poison DW, et al, 1985 Multifollicular ovaries: clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone. Lancet 2: 1375\u20131379.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"14010091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0755","volume":"166","author":"T Sathyapalan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sathyapalan T, Atkin S, 2012 Recent advances in cardiovascular aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 166: 575\u2013583.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.11.023","volume":"97","author":"AJ Duleba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duleba AJ, Dokras, 2012 Is PCOS an inflammatory process? Fertil Steril 97: 7\u201312.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"14010091_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2003.08.002","volume":"14","author":"S Sam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sam S, Dunaif A, 2003 Polycystic ovary syndrome: syndrome XX? Trends Endocrinol Metab 14: 365\u2013370.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2011.553693","volume":"31","author":"AC Herlihy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herlihy AC, Kelly RE, Hogan JL, O\u2019Connor N, Farah N, Turner MJ, 2011 Polycystic ovary syndrome and the peripheral blood white cell count. J Obstet Gynaecol 31: 242\u2013244.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"14010091_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.06.002","volume":"170","author":"Y Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi Y, Han T, Cui L, et al, 2013 White blood cell differential counts in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study on Chinese women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 170: 162\u2013164.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"14010091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0203","volume":"157","author":"N Kajaia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kajaia N, Binder H, Dittrich R, et al, 2007 Low sex hormone-binding globulin as a predictive marker for insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 157: 499\u2013507.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"14010091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804381","volume":"361","author":"EL Ding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ding EL, Song Y, Manson JE, et al, 2009 Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men. N Engl J Med 361: 1152\u20131163.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"14010091_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei072","volume":"20","author":"L Ibanez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ibanez L, Jaramillo AM, Ferrer A, de Zegher F, 2005 High neutrophil count in girls and women with hyper-insulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalization with metformin and flutamide overcomes the aggravation by oral contraception. Hum Reprod 20: 2457\u20132462.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"14010091_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6014","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1002","volume":"90","author":"JJ Puder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Puder JJ, Varga S, Kraenzlin M, De Geyter C, Keller U, M\u00fcller B, 2005 Central fat excess in polycystic ovary syndrome: relation to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 6014\u20136021.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"14010091_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.159749","volume":"28","author":"A Alipour","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alipour A, van Oostrom AJ, Izraeljan A, et al, 2008 Leukocyte activation by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 792\u2013797.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"14010091_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.6.0415","volume":"21","author":"BL Wajchenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wajchenberg BL, 2000 Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 21: 697\u2013738.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"14010091_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03305.x","volume":"69","author":"F Giallauria","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giallauria F, Palomba S, Maresca L, et al, 2008 Exercise training improves autonomic function and inflammatory pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clin Endocrinol 69: 792\u2013798.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Hormones"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.14310\/horm.2002.1563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.14310\/horm.2002.1563\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.14310\/horm.2002.1563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T15:37:57Z","timestamp":1739115477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.14310\/horm.2002.1563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["14010091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14310\/horm.2002.1563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1109-3099","2520-8721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1109-3099","type":"print"},{"value":"2520-8721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}