{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:55:33Z","timestamp":1766138133592,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Endocrinology Research Centre","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/about\/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.probl-endojournals.ru"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in half of the cases. Asthma is usually found in people over 65 years of age. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and includes genetic factors, nutritional disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and aging. Sex hormones have an important influence on the development of AD, as evidenced by a higher incidence in women than in men. Considering the significant influence of T on the maintenance of normal brain function, the present study is aimed at evaluating the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as well as testosterone therapy, on the risk of AD development and progression. Although there is some clinical inconsistency between studies, androgens have a significant effect on brain function and are beneficial for AD patients. Low levels of circulating androgens should be considered as a significant risk factor for the development of AD and memory loss. With a reduced level of T in the plasma of men, its administration improves cognitive performance and memory, treatment should be started at an early stage of the disease. In men and women with AD, androgens improve mental state and slow the progression of the disease, providing a protective effect. In the future, it is necessary to conduct studies on a large population, taking into account personality factors and a more specific approach to assessing cognitive functions and the causal relationship of T administration in AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14341\/probl13136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T20:09:50Z","timestamp":1667851790000},"page":"97-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/crossmarkpolicy2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Testosterone and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.14341","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-1801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K. O.","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N.I. Pirogov Russian national research medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-1194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. R.","family":"Khaidarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bashkir state medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7608-404X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. H.","family":"Khabibullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Pavlov state medical university of St. Petersburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-7127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. S.","family":"Stytsenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg state pediatric medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-4702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V. I.","family":"Filosofova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Pavlov state medical university of St. Petersburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-3975","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I. R.","family":"Nuriakhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bashkir state medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6479-5944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. M.","family":"Hisameeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bashkir state medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-4400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G. S.","family":"Vazhorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-494X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F. R.","family":"Khaibullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bashkir state medical university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6062-485X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. A.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4800-8242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K. V.","family":"Gorbatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kursk State Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5458","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(4):329-344. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0909142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0909142"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobore TO. On the Etiopathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Comprehensive Theoretical Review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(2):417-437. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-181052","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181052"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selkoe DJ, Hardy J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease at 25 years. EMBO Mol Med. 2016;8(6):595-608. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201606210","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606210"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT. The intersection of amyloid beta and tau at synapses in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron. 2014;82(4):756-771. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.004"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baum LW. Sex, hormones, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(6):736-743. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/60.6.736","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.6.736"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao PL, Zhuo S, Mei H, et al. Androgen alleviates neurotoxicity of \u03b2-amyloid peptide (A\u03b2) by promoting microglial clearance of A\u03b2 and inhibiting microglial inflammatory response to A\u03b2. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017;23(11):855-865. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.12757","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12757"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huo DS, Sun JF, Zhang B, et al. Protective effects of testosterone on cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model rats induced by oligomeric beta amyloid peptide 1-42. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016;79(19):856-863. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2016.1193114","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2016.1193114"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan XS, Yang ZJ, Jia JX, et al. Protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res. 2019;14(4):649-657. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.245477","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.245477"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau CF, Ho YS, Hung CH, et al. Protective effects of testosterone on presynaptic terminals against oligomeric \u03b2-amyloid peptide in primary culture of hippocampal neurons. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014(4):1-12. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/103906.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/103906"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia JX, Cui CL, Yan XS, et al. Effects of testosterone on synaptic plasticity mediated by androgen receptors in male SAMP8 mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016;79(19):849-855. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2016.1193113","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2016.1193113"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimm A, Schmitt K, Lang UE, et al. Improvement of neuronal bioenergetics by neurosteroids: implications for age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1842(12 Pt A):2427-2438. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.09.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.09.013"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pintana H, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Testosterone deficiency, insulin-resistant obesity and cognitive function. Metab Brain Dis. 2015;30(4):853-876. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-015-9655-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9655-3"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ota H, Akishita M, Akiyoshi T, et al. Testosterone deficiency accelerates neuronal and vascular aging of SAMP8 mice: protective role of eNOS and SIRT1. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29598. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029598"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jian-xin J, Cheng-li C, Song W, et al. Effects of Testosterone Treatment on Synaptic Plasticity and Behavior in Senescence Accelerated Mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(21-22):1311-20. doi: 10.1080\/15287394.2015.1085839.","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2015.1085839"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv W, Du N, Liu Y, et al. Low Testosterone Level and Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the Elderly Men: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(4):2679-2684. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9315-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9315-y"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JH, Byun MS, Yi D, et al. Sex-specific association of sex hormones and gonadotropins, with brain amyloid and hippocampal neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;58(4):34-40. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.005"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida OP, Waterreus A, Spry N, et al. One year follow-up study of the association between chemical castration, sex hormones, beta-amyloid, memory and depression in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29(8):1071-1081. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.11.002"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simerly RB, Chang C, Muramatsu M, Swanson LW. Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. J Comp Neurol. 1990;294(1):76-95. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.902940107","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940107"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodenough S, Engert S, Behl C. Testosterone stimulates rapid secretory amyloid precursor protein release from rat hypothalamic cells via the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Neurosci Lett. 2000;296(1):49-52. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3940(00)01622-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01622-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Pei JH, Jia JX, et al. Inhibition of oxidative stress by testosterone improves synaptic plasticity in senescence accelerated mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(20):1061-1068. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2019.1683988","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2019.1683988"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAllister C, Long J, Bowers A, et al. Genetic targeting aromatase in male amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice down-regulates beta-secretase (BACE1) and prevents Alzheimer-like pathology and cognitive impairment. J Neurosci. 2010;30(21):7326-7334. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1180-10.2010","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1180-10.2010"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimm A, Biliouris EE, Lang UE, et al. Sex hormone-related neurosteroids differentially rescue bioenergetic deficits induced by amyloid-\u03b2 or hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(1):201-215. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-015-1988-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1988-x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"di Michele F, Luchetti S, Bernardi G, et al. Neurosteroid and neurotransmitter alterations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013;34(2):132-142. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.03.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.03.001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Champagne N, Beitel LK, et al. Estrogen and androgen protection of human neurons against intracellular amyloid beta1-42 toxicity through heat shock protein 70. J Neurosci. 2004;24(23):5315-5321. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0913-04.2004","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0913-04.2004"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frye CA, Edinger KL, Lephart ED, Walf AA. 3alpha-androstanediol, but not testosterone, attenuates age-related decrements in cognitive, anxiety, and depressive behavior of male rats. Front Aging Neurosci. 2010;58(4):34-40. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00015","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00015"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams MM, Morrison JH, Gore AC. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mRNA levels change during reproductive senescence in the hippocampus of female rats. Exp Neurol. 2001;170(1):171-9. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.2001.7687","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7687"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahab-Negah S, Hajali V, Moradi HR, Gorji A. The Impact of Estradiol on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020;40(3):283-299. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-019-00733-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00733-0"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin Y, An D, Xu W, et al. Estradiol Replacement at the Critical Period Protects Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Improve Cognition in APP\/PS1 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12(4):34-40. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00240","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00240"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison SL, Bell R, Donath S, et al. Androgen levels in adult females: changes with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):3847-3853. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2005-0212","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0212"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger HG, Dudley EC, Cui J, et al. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels through the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(8):2832-2838. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6740","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.8.2832"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson ER, Davis SR. Minireview: aromatase and the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis--some new perspectives. Endocrinology. 2001;142(11):4589-4594. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.142.11.8547","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.11.8547"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet. 1996;348(9025):429-432. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03356-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03356-9"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zandi PP, Carlson MC, Plassman BL, et al. Cache County Memory Study Investigators. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of Alzheimer disease in older women: the Cache County Study. JAMA. 2002;288(17):2123-2129. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.288.17.2123","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2123"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song Y, Li S, Li X, et al. The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci. 2020;14(4):34-40. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00157"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imtiaz B, Tuppurainen M, Rikkonen T, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease: A prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2017;88(11):1062-1068. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003696","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003696"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imtiaz B, Taipale H, Tanskanen A, et al. Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease among users of postmenopausal hormone therapy: A nationwide case-control study. Maturitas. 2017;98(4):7-13. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.01.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.01.002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savolainen-Peltonen H, Rahkola-Soisalo P, Hoti F, et al. Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study. BMJ. 2019;98(4):l665. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l665","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l665"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR, et al. WHIMS Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;289(20):2651-2662. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.20.2651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2651"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolppanen AM, Tiihonen M, Taipale H, et al. Systemic Estrogen Use and Discontinuation After Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Diagnosis in Finland 2005-2012: A Nationwide Exposure-Matched Cohort Study. Drugs Aging. 2018; 35(11):985-992. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-018-0591-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-018-0591-x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillies GE, McArthur S. Estrogen actions in the brain and the basis for differential action in men and women: a case for sex-specific medicines. Pharmacol Rev. 2010;62(2):155-198. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.109.002071","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.002071"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui J, Shen Y, Li R. Estrogen synthesis and signaling pathways during aging: from periphery to brain. Trends Mol Med. 2013;19(3):197-209. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.12.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.12.007"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummings SR, Ettinger B, Delmas PD, et al. LIFT Trial Investigators. The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(7):697-708. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0800743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800743"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albertazzi P, Natale V, Barbolini C, et al. The effect of tibolone versus continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido and mood of postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Maturitas. 2000;36(3):223-239. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-5122(00)00147-x","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00147-X"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genazzani AR, Pluchino N, Bernardi F, et al. Beneficial effect of tibolone on mood, cognition, well-being, and sexuality in menopausal women. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006;2(3):299-307. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/nedt.2006.2.3.299","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.2006.2.3.299"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Falbo A, et al. Tibolone reverses the cognitive effects caused by leuprolide acetate administration, improving mood and quality of life in patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(1):165-173. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.061"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia SC, Santos RX, Cardoso S, et al. Effects of estrogen in the brain: is it a neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer\u2019s disease? Curr Aging Sci. 2010;3(2):113-126. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874609811003020113","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811003020113"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong J-H, Huang C-Y, Chang C-H, et al. Different androgen deprivation therapies might have a differential impact on cognition - An analysis from a population-based study using time-dependent exposure model. Cancer Epidemiol. 2020;64(4):101657. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2019.101657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2019.101657"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang WK, Liu CH, Pang ST, et al. Type of Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Risk of Dementia Among Patients With Prostate Cancer in Taiwan. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015189. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15189"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayadevappa R, Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, et al. Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy Use and Diagnosis of Dementia in Men With Prostate Cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(7):e196562. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6562","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6562"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krasnova A, Epstein M, Marchese M, et al. Risk of dementia following androgen deprivation therapy for treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2020;23(3):410-418. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-019-0189-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-019-0189-3"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarzemski P, Brzoszczyk B, Popio\u0142ek A, et al. Cognitive function, depression, and anxiety in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with and without adjuvant treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15(4):819-829. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S200501","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S200501"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson D, Garmo H, Van Hemelrijck M, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and risk of dementia. BJU Int. 2019;124(1):87-92. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.14666","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14666"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tae BS, Jeon BJ, Shin SH, et al. Correlation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Service Database. Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):593-602. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crt.2018.119","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2018.119"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen C, Lairson DR, Swartz MD, Du XL. Risks of Major Long-Term Side Effects Associated with Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer. Pharmacotherapy. 2018;38(10):999-1009. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2168","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2168"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzouk S, Naglie G, Tomlinson G, et al. Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Self-Reported Cognitive Function in Men with Prostate Cancer. J Urol. 2018;200(2):327-334. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2018.02.073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.02.073"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deka R, Simpson DR, Bryant AK, et al. Association of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Dementia in Men With Prostate Cancer Who Receive Definitive Radiation Therapy. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(11):1616-1617. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4423","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4423"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baik SH, Kury FSP, McDonald CJ. Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Among Senior Medicare Beneficiaries Treated With Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(30):3401-3409. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6109","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6109"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alibhai SM, Timilshina N, Duff-Canning S, et al. Effects of long-term androgen deprivation therapy on cognitive function over 36 months in men with prostate cancer. Cancer. 2017;123(2):237-244. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.30320","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30320"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao LT, Lin HC, Chung SD, Huang CY. No increased risk of dementia in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a 5-year follow-up study. Asian J Androl. 2017;19(4):414-417. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1008-682X.179528","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.179528"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunlusoy B, Ceylan Y, Koskderelioglu A, et al. Cognitive Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer. Urology. 2017;103(4):167-172. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2016.12.060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.12.060"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nead KT, Gaskin G, Chester C, et al. Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Risk of Dementia. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(1):49-55. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3662","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3662"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khosrow-Khavar F, Rej S, Yin H, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Risk of Dementia in Patients With Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(2):201-207. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.6203","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.6203"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu LM, Tanenbaum ML, Dijkers MPJM, et al. Cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy or observation: A mixed methods study. Soc Sci Med. 2016;156(4):80-89. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.016"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung SD, Lin HC, Tsai MC, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy did not increase the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease in patients with prostate cancer. Andrology. 2016;4(3):481-485. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12187","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12187"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nead KT, Gaskin G, Chester C, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Future Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(6):566-571. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.6266","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.6266"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez BD, Jim HS, Booth-Jones M, et al. Course and Predictors of Cognitive Function in Patients With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy: A Controlled Comparison. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(18):2021-2027. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.1963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.1963"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandy S, Almeida OP, Fonte J, et al. Chemical andropause and amyloid-beta peptide. JAMA. 2001;285(17):2195-2196. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.285.17.2195-a","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.17.2195-a"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun M, Cole AP, Hanna N, et al. Cognitive Impairment in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Urol. 2018;199(6):1417-1425. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.136"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siebert AL, Lapping-Carr L, Morgans AK. Neuropsychiatric Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Current Evidence and Recommendations for the Clinician. Eur Urol Focus. 2020;6(6):1170-1179. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.014"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nead KT, Sinha S, Nguyen PL. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2017;20(3):259-264. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pcan.2017.10","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2017.10"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caruso A, Nicoletti F, Mango D, et al. Stress as risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Res. 2018;132:130-134. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.04.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.04.017"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran TT, Srivareerat M, Alkadhi KA. Chronic psychosocial stress triggers cognitive impairment in a novel at-risk model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2010;37(3):756-763. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.12.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.12.016"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McHugh DJ, Root JC, Nelson CJ, Morris MJ. Androgen-deprivation therapy, dementia, and cognitive dysfunction in men with prostate cancer: How much smoke and how much fire? Cancer. 2018;124(7):1326-1334. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.31153","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31153"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resnick SM, Matsumoto AM, Stephens-Shields AJ, et al. Testosterone Treatment and Cognitive Function in Older Men With Low Testosterone and Age-Associated Memory Impairment. JAMA. 2017;317(7):717-727. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.21044","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5245"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahjoepramono EJ, Asih PR, Aniwiyanti V, et al. The Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Cognitive Functioning in Older Men. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15(3):337-343. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527315666151110125704","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666151110125704"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang G, Wharton W, Bhasin S, et al. Effects of long-term testosterone administration on cognition in older men with low or low-to-normal testosterone concentrations: a prespecified secondary analysis of data from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled TEAAM trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(8):657-665. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30102-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30102-4"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asih PR, Wahjoepramono EJ, Aniwiyanti V, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy in older male subjective memory complainers: double-blind randomized crossover placebo-controlled clinical trial of physiological assessment and safety. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2015;14(5):576-586. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527314666150429112112","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666150429112112"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherrier MM, Anderson K, Shofer J, et al. Testosterone treatment of men with mild cognitive impairment and low testosterone levels. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2015;30(4):421-430. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317514556874","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514556874"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borst S, Yarrow J, Conover C, et al. Cognitive effects of testosterone and finasteride administration in older hypogonadal men. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;156(4):1327. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S61760","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S61760"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young LA, Neiss MB, Samuels MH, et al. Cognition is not modified by large but temporary changes in sex hormones in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(1):280-288. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-1346","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1346"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emmelot-Vonk MH, Verhaar HJ, Nakhai Pour HR, et al. Effect of testosterone supplementation on functional mobility, cognition, and other parameters in older men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(1):39-52. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2007.51","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2007.51"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaughan C, Goldstein FC, Tenover JL. Exogenous testosterone alone or with finasteride does not improve measurements of cognition in healthy older men with low serum testosterone. J Androl. 2007;28(6):875-882. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2164\/jandrol.107.002931","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.002931"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maki PM, Ernst M, London ED, et al. Intramuscular testosterone treatment in elderly men: evidence of memory decline and altered brain function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(11):4107-4114. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1805","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1805"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, et al. Characterization of verbal and spatial memory changes from moderate to supraphysiological increases in serum testosterone in healthy older men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007;32(1):72-79. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.10.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.10.008"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu PH, Masterman DA, Mulnard R, et al. Effects of testosterone on cognition and mood in male patients with mild Alzheimer disease and healthy elderly men. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(2):177-185. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.63.2.nct50002","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.2.nct50002"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haren MT, Wittert GA, Chapman IM, et al. Effect of oral testosterone undecanoate on visuospatial cognition, mood and quality of life in elderly men with low-normal gonadal status. Maturitas. 2005;50(2):124-133. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.05.002"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenny AM, Fabregas G, Song C, et al. Effects of testosterone on behavior, depression, and cognitive function in older men with mild cognitive loss. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(1):75-78. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/59.1.m75","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.1.M75"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan RS, Pu SJ. A pilot study on the effects of testosterone in hypogonadal aging male patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Aging Male. 2003;6(1):13-17. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tam.6.1.13.17","DOI":"10.1080\/tam.6.1.13.17"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor DB, Archer J, Hair WM, Wu FC. Activational effects of testosterone on cognitive function in men. Neuropsychologia. 2001;39(13):1385-1394. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0028-3932(01)00067-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00067-7"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherrier MM, Asthana S, Plymate S, et al. Testosterone supplementation improves spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men. Neurology. 2001;57(1):80-88. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.57.1.80","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.1.80"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. A Review on the Effects of Testosterone Supplementation in Hypogonadal Men with Cognitive Impairment. Curr Drug Targets. 2018;19(8):898-906. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389450118666170913162739","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666170913162739"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beauchet O. Testosterone and cognitive function: current clinical evidence of a relationship. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155(6):773-781. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.1.02306","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02306"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua JT, Hildreth KL, Pelak VS. Effects of Testosterone Therapy on Cognitive Function in Aging: A Systematic Review. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2016;29(3):122-138. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000104","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000104"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verdile G, Laws SM, Henley D, et al. AIBL Research Group. Associations between gonadotropins, testosterone and \u03b2 amyloid in men at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19(1):69-75. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2012.147","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.147"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosario ER, Chang L, Head EH, et al. Brain levels of sex steroid hormones in men and women during normal aging and in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32(4):604-613. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.008"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillett MJ, Martins RN, Clarnette RM, et al. Relationship between testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and plasma amyloid beta peptide 40 in older men with subjective memory loss or dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2003;5(4):267-269. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-2003-5401","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2003-5401"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai Z, Li H. An Updated Review: Androgens and Cognitive Impairment in Older Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11(1):13-17. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.586909","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.586909"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bove R, Musallam A, Healy BC, et al. Low testosterone is associated with disability in men with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2014;20(12):1584-1592. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458514527864","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514527864"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung YT, Chemaitilly W, Mulrooney DA, et al. Association between dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and attention in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with only chemotherapy. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017;76(1):114-118. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.014"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogervorst E, Bandelow S, Combrinck M, Smith AD. Low free testosterone is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Exp Gerontol. 2004;39(11-12):1633-1639. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2004.06.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.06.019"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghanim H, Dhindsa S, Abuaysheh S, et al. Diminished androgen and estrogen receptors and aromatase levels in hypogonadal diabetic men: reversal with testosterone. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018;178(3):277-283. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-17-0673","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0673"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preece P, Virley DJ, Costandi M, et al. Amyloid precursor protein mRNA levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004;122(1):1-9. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.08.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.08.022"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaraman A, Christensen A, Moser VA, et al. Selective androgen receptor modulator RAD140 is neuroprotective in cultured neurons and kainate-lesioned male rats. Endocrinology. 2014;155(4):1398-1406. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2013-1725","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1725"}],"container-title":["Problems of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/article\/viewFile\/13136\/10338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T15:30:23Z","timestamp":1668439823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/article\/view\/13136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/probl13136","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-1430","0375-9660"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2308-1430"},{"type":"print","value":"0375-9660"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]}}}