{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:06:11Z","timestamp":1793747171773,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Endocrinology Research Centre","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/about\/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.probl-endojournals.ru"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current century has been declared by the WHO as the \u00abcentury of autoimmune diseases\u00bb, of which there are more than a hundred today. The natural course of any autoimmune disease is characterized by progression from a latent and subclinical to a clinical stage and is associated with the presence of specific circulating autoantibodies. During the life of a person with one verified autoimmune disease, there is a high probability of consecutive manifestation of other autoimmune pathologies. Every fourth patient with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis develops autoimmune non-thyroid pathologies during his life, and vice versa, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is present among people with non-thyroid autoimmune diseases. Modern ideas about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development and progression of autoimmune diseases make it possible to consider chronic autoimmune thyroiditis as a \u00absignal pathology\u00bb in the multiorgan autoimmune syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14341\/probl13361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T10:05:54Z","timestamp":1694513154000},"page":"4-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/crossmarkpolicy2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is a \u00absignal disease\u00bb in the multiorgan autoimmune syndrome"],"prefix":"10.14341","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-8702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. A.","family":"Troshina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Research Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5458","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Sviridonova MA, Panfilova EA, Troshina EA. Hronicheskij autoimmunnyj tireoidit. In: Ed. by Troshina EA. Sbornik metodicheskih rekomendacij (v pomoshh\u2019 prakticheskomu vrachu). Nacional\u2019nyj medicinskij issledovatel\u2019skij centr jendokrinologii MZ RF. Moscow: OOO Izdatel\u2019stvo \u00abTriada\u00bb; 2017. P. 21-40. (In Russ.)."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocr Rev. 2014;35(1):59-105. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2013-1055","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1055"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vendrame F, Segni M, Grassetti D, et al. Impaired caspase-3 expression by peripheral T cells in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):5064-5068. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1358"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang QY, Ye XP, Zhou Z, et al. Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):775. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28120-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28120-2"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Troshina EA, Nikonova TV, Svitich OA, Yukina MYu. Autoimmunnyy poliglandulyarnyy sindrom vzroslykh. Ed. by Dedov II, Troshina EA. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. 264 \u0440. (In Russ.)."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desailloud R, Hober D. Viruses and thyroiditis: an update. Virol J. 2009;6(1):5. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volp\u00e9 R. A perspective on human autoimmune thyroid disease: is there an abnormality of the target cell which predisposes to the disorder? Autoimmunity. 1992;13(1):3-9. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08916939209014629","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939209014629"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Zdor VV, Markelova EV, Geltser BI. New players in altered tolerance to thyroid gland antigens: an immunopathogenesis concept of autoimmune thyroid disease (review). Medical Immunology. 2016;18(3):209-220. (In Russ.). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15789\/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Dong YH, Fu DG. Autoimmune thyroid disease: mechanism, genetics and current knowledge. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(23):3611-3618."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Laboratornaya diagnostika. Ed. by Kondrashev\u0430 EA, Ostrovsky AYu. Moscow: Medizdat; 2018. 720 p. (In Russ.)."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarrete C, Bottazzo GF. In search of TCR restriction in autoreactive T cell in human autoimmunity: why is it so elusive? Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;91(2):189-192. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05880.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05880.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volp\u00e9 R. Suppressor T lymphocyte dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a perspective. Thyroid. 1993;3(4):345-352. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.1993.3.345","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.345"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volp\u00e9 R. Immunoregulation in autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid. 1994;4(3):373-377. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.1994.4.373","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1994.4.373"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose NR, Witebsky E. Studies on organ specificity. V. Changes in the thyroid glands of rabbits following active immunization with rabbit thyroid extracts. J Immunol. 1956;76(6):417-427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.76.6.417"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weetman AP, Cohen S, Makgoba MW, Borysiewicz LK. Expression of an intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, by human thyroid cells. J Endocrinol. 1989;122(1):185-191. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/joe.0.1220185","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1220185"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Rose N, Mac-Kay IR. The Autoimmune diseases Sixth Edition. St. Louis MO: Academic Press; 2020."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson EM, Huber A, Tomer Y. The HLA gene complex in thyroid autoimmunity: from epidemiology to etiology. J Autoimmun. 2008;30(1-2):58-62. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahaly GJ, Frommer L. Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41(1):91-98. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-017-0740-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0740-9"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betterle C, Lazzarotto F, Presotto F. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome Type 2: the tip of an iceberg? Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;137(2):225-233. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02561.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02561.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larina AA, Troshina EA, Ivanova ON. Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes in the adults: the genetic and immunological diagnostic criteria. Problems of Endocrinology. 2014;60(3):43-52. (In Russ.). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/probl201460343-52","DOI":"10.14341\/probl201460343-52"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betterle C, Furmaniak J, Sabbadin C, et al. Type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-3) or type 3 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS-3): an expanding galaxy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(4):643-665. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01994-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01994-1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troshina EA, Larina AA, Terekhova MA. Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome in adults: molecular genetic and clinical characteristics (lecture). Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(4):91-96 (In Russ.). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26442\/20751753.2019.4.190361","DOI":"10.26442\/20751753.2019.4.190361"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prentice LM, Phillips DI, Sarsero D, et al. Geographical distribution of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain: a study using highly sensitive direct assays for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990;123(5):493-498. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/acta.0.1230493","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1230493"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betterle C, Sabbadin C, Scaroni C, Presotto F. Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) or Multiple Autoimmune Syndromes (MAS). Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2019;(5):1-50. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73082-0_1-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73082-0_1-1"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bliddal S, Nielsen CH, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity. F1000Research. 2017;(6):1776. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.11535.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11535.1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith TJ, Heged\u00fcs L. Graves\u2019 Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(16):1552-1565. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1510030","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510030"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvete O, Reyes J, Vald\u00e9s-Socin H, et al. Alterations in SLC4A2, SLC26A7 and SLC26A9 drive acid-base imbalance in gastric neuroendocrine tumors and uncover a novel mechanism for a co-occurring polyautoimmune scenario. Cells. 2021;10(12):3500. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10123500","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123500"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ruffilli I, et al. The association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis: Review of the literature and report of a large series of patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(12):1125-1128. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.009"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savvateeva EN, Yukina MY, Nuralieva NF, et al. Multiplex autoantibody detection in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5502. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22115502","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115502"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yukina M, Erofeeva T, Nuralieva N, et al. Novel gene mutations regulating immune responses in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with an atypical course. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5(8):1552-1565. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvab077","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab077"}],"container-title":["Problems of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/article\/viewFile\/13361\/10506","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T10:07:36Z","timestamp":1694513256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/article\/view\/13361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/probl13361","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-1430","0375-9660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-1430","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0375-9660","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]}}}