{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T04:03:25Z","timestamp":1748059405738,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Endocrinology Research Centre","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/about\/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.probl-endojournals.ru"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold>: Autoimmune diseases such as Graves\u2019 disease are complex pathologies that often require intensive and long-term treatment. However, the mechanisms contributing to the development and maintenance of this pathology are still not fully understood. Understanding the role of the innate immune response, especially in the context of monocytes, in the development of Graves\u2019 disease remains a poorly understood aspect.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>AIM<\/jats:bold>: To study the level of ROS production in monocytes in patients with Graves\u2019 disease after RAI to identify the level of activation of the macrophage-monocyte system.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:bold>: The hormonal status and monocyte activity were analyzed before and 1, 3 and 6 months after RAI. The level of ROS was determined using spontaneous and luminol- and luceginin-derived chemiluminescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>: The study included 48 patients with Graves\u2019 disease, aged from 18 to 65 years. In patients with Graves\u2019 disease, a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes in monocytes was detected compared to the control group. These changes were observed both before and after RAI. It has been shown that changes in ROS production are independent of thyroid function and antibody levels. The changes indicate the potential immunosuppressive effects of radionuclide treatment and its effect on monocyte NADPH oxidase activity. A decrease in the production of secondary ROS in monocytes was also noted, which may indicate a decrease in the activation of monocytes during antigenic stimulation and inhibition of autoimmune processes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION<\/jats:bold>: Reduced metabolic activity of monocytes and low levels of ROS synthesis correlate with inhibition of the autoimmune process and decreased activation of the macrophage-monocyte system. The study confirms the importance of the role of monocytes in the ROS production system and their influence on the autoimmune process in Graves\u2019 disease. These results may have clinical significance and contribute to the development of new immunotropic strategies for the treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14341\/probl13444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T15:37:53Z","timestamp":1747841873000},"page":"14-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/crossmarkpolicy2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Level of reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with Graves\u2019 disease after radioiodine therapy"],"prefix":"10.14341","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6341-7810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"D. V.","family":"Fomina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnoyarsk State Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-466X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. A.","family":"Dogadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk regional clinical hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-672X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. A.","family":"Savchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center \u00abKrasnoyarsk Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-9871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I. I.","family":"Gvozdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center \u00abKrasnoyarsk Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5458","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies TF, Andersen S, Latif R, et al. Graves\u2019 disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):52. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-0184-y","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0184-y"},{"unstructured":"Lichiardopol C, Mo\u0163a M. The thyroid and autoimmunity. Rom J Intern Med. 2009;47(3):207-15","key":"ref2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurieva RI, Chung Y, Hwang D, et al. Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages. Immunity. 2008;29(1):138-49. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu C, Ma J, Liu Y et al. Increased frequency of follicular helper T cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(3):943-50. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-2003","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u017ca\u0144ska A, Szymczak D, Rybka J. 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Chem Biol Interact. 2017;272:145-152. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.04.013","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.04.013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troshina EA, Sviridenko NYu, Vanushko VE, et al. Russian Association of Endocrinologists clinical practice guidelines for thyrotoxicosis diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2014;10(3):8-19. (In Russ.) doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/ket201438-19","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.14341\/ket201438-19"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diana T, Daiber A, Oelze M, et al. Stimulatory TSHReceptor Antibodies and Oxidative Stress in Graves Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(10):3668-3677. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-00509","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00509"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dogadin SA, Dudina MA, Savchenko AA, et al. The respiratory explosion activity of neutrophils in blood from patients with Graves\u2019 disease manifestation. Problems of Endocrinology. 2017;63(1):4-8. (in Russ.) doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/probl20176314-8","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.14341\/probl20176314-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma WT, Chang C, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. J Autoimmun. 2017;83:95- 112. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.003.","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Wang Y, Qi Y, et al. Expansion of inflammatory monocytes in periphery and infiltrated into thyroid tissue in Graves\u2019 disease. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13443. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92737-4","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92737-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez A, Calleja A, Santiago E, et al. Correlation of activated monocytes or B cells with T lymphocyte subsets in patients with Graves\u2019 disease. Int J Mol Med. 1998;1(1):95-103","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.1.1.95"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Moratalla N, Calleja A, Gonz\u00e1lez A, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in monocytes from patients with Graves\u2019 disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;226(3):723-9. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1420","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1420"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pautz A, Art J, Hahn S, et al. Regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nitric Oxide. 2010;23(2):75-93. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.niox.2010.04.007","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.04.007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Weerd K, Van Hagen PM, Schrijver B, et al. The peripheral blood compartment in patients with Graves\u2019 disease: activated T lymphocytes and increased transitional and pre-naive mature B lymphocytes. 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