{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:06:42Z","timestamp":1779307602701,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Endocrinology Research Centre","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.probl-endojournals.ru\/jour\/about\/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.probl-endojournals.ru"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic betta cells leading to insulin deficiency, measured by C-peptide testing. C-peptide secretion has been studied in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects in patients with already manifested T1DM. Insulin secretion assessed by the level of C-peptide at the preclinical stage remains under-studied.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>AIM<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of predicting the development of T1DM in healthy siblings based on dynamic measurements of C-peptide concentration.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A multicenter prospective longitudinal study involving 532 individuals was conducted. Median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. Group 1 (n=325) included children aged 0\u201318 years with newly diagnosed T1DM; group 2 (n=201) consisted of healthy brothers and sisters (siblings) who did not develop T1DM until the end of the study; group 3 (n=6) comprised healthy siblings who developed T1DM before the study completion. All participants underwent dynamic testing of blood analysis for C-peptide using solid-phase chemiluminescent immunoassay.\u00a0\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n                    : In groups 1 and 3, the actual median concentration of baseline C-peptide was below reference values: 0.31 ng\/mL [95% CI 0.10\u20131.39] and 0.56 ng\/mL [95% CI 0.32\u20130.85], respectively. In group 2, it corresponded to the lower limit of reference values: 0.88 ng\/mL [95% CI 0.28\u20132.69]. The observed differences were statistically significant between groups 1 and 2 (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =168.29, df=1, p &lt; 0.001) and between groups 2 and 3 (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =4.2292, df=1, p=0.040). Regression modeling revealed a nonlinear positive relationship between C-peptide concentration and age. At any age category, the median initial C-peptide concentration in groups 1 and 3 was lower than that in group 2 above the average level (\"intercept\") characteristic for the cohort of specific age. The association between C-peptide concentration and time since observation onset was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) and bidirectional: over time, concentrations decreased in groups 1 and 3 and increased in group 2.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Measurement of baseline C-peptide levels followed by dynamic monitoring may serve as an additional screening tool for predicting the risk of T1DM development in healthy siblings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14341\/probl13645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:22:08Z","timestamp":1779304928000},"page":"78-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14341\/crossmarkpolicy2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic significance of dynamic evaluation of C-peptide level in prediction type 1 diabetes mellitus in children"],"prefix":"10.14341","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-4636","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K. 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G.","family":"Strongin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Privolzhsky Research Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-0378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V. E.","family":"Zagainov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Privolzhsky Research Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5458","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Block MB, Rosenfield RL, Mako ME, et al. Sequential changes in beta-cell function in insulin-treated diabetic patients assessed by C-peptide immunoreactivity. N Engl J Med. 1973;288(22):1144-8. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM197305312882202","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197305312882202"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal S, Jayyab AA, Alrashdi AM, et al. 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