{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T16:54:18Z","timestamp":1764608058383,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Concrete Institute","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.14359\/51749126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T14:59:51Z","timestamp":1759244391000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Fresh, Hardened, and Durability Properties of Three-Dimensional Concrete Printed Pipes"],"prefix":"10.14359","volume":"122","member":"5513","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasani, A., and Dorafshan, S., \u201cTransforming Construction? Evaluation of the State of Structural 3D Concrete Printing in Research and Practice,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 438, 2024, p. 137027. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.137027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.137027"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado Camacho, D.; Clayton, P.; O\u2019Brien, W. J.; Seepersad, C.; Juenger, M.; Ferron, R.; and Salamone, S., \u201cApplications of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry \u2013 A Forward-Looking Review,\u201d Automation in Construction, V. 89, 2018, pp. 110-119. doi: 10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.12.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.12.031"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guanziroli, S.; Marcucci, A.; Negrini, A.; Ferrara, L.; and Chiaia,\u00a0B., \u201cA New Concept of Additive Manufacturing for the Regeneration of Existing Tunnels,\u201d Proceedings of Italian Concrete Conference 2022, M. A. Aiello and A. Bilotta, eds., Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024, pp. 116-124.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43102-9_10"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X.; Shao, Y.; Ma, G.; and Wang, L., \u201cA New 3D Printing Method and Similar Materials of the Tunnel Lining for the Geomechanical Model Test,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 433, 2024, p. 136724. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136724"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., and Yuan, Y., \u201c3D Concrete Printing for Tunnel Linings: Opportunities and Challenges,\u201d IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, V. 1333, No. 1, 2024, p. 012039. doi: 10.1088\/1755-1315\/1333\/1\/012039","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1333\/1\/012039"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreiger, E.; Diggs-McGee, B.; Wood, T.; MacAllister, B.; and Kreiger, M., \u201cField Considerations for Deploying Additive Construction,\u201d Second RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, F. P. Bos, S. S. Lucas, R. J. M. Wolfs, and T. A. M. Salet, eds., Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 1147-1163, http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_109. (last accessed Sept. 30, 2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_109"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.; Abolmaali, A.; Beakley, J.; and Attiogbe, E., \u201cThin-Walled Flexible Concrete Pipes with Synthetic Fibers and Reduced Traditional Steel Cage,\u201d Engineering Structures, V. 100, 2015, pp. 731-741. doi: 10.1016\/j.engstruct.2015.06.049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2015.06.049"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Thomason, C., Hydraulic Design Manual, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX, 2019, https:\/\/www.txdot.gov\/manuals\/des\/hyd\/index.html. (last accessed Oct. 2, 2025)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasittisopin, L.; Sakdanaraseth, T.; and Horayangkura, V., \u201cDesign and Construction Method of a 3D Concrete Printing Self-Supporting Curvilinear Pavilion,\u201d Journal of Architectural Engineering, ASCE, V. 27, No. 3, 2021, p. 05021006. doi: 10.1061\/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000485","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000485"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Bhandari, S.; Lopez-Anido, R. A.; Anderson, J.; and Mann, A., \u201cLarge-Scale Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for Highway Culvert Rehabilitation,\u201d SPE ANTEC, 2021."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rui, Z.; Metz, P. A.; Reynolds, D. B.; Chen, G.; and Zhou, X., \u201cHistorical Pipeline Construction Cost Analysis,\u201d International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, V. 4, No. 3, 2011, p. 244. doi: 10.1504\/IJOGCT.2011.040838","DOI":"10.1504\/IJOGCT.2011.040838"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanverdi, M., and Das, S., \u201cExperimental Study on Water Penetration and Thermal Resistance of Large-Scale 3D-Printed Cementitious Walls,\u201d Journal of Building Engineering, V. 104, 2025, p. 112286. doi: 10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112286"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"ASTM C14-20, \u201cStandard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, 5 pp."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasani, A.; Besharatian, B.; and Dorafshan, S., \u201cAdditively Constructed Plain Concrete Pipes: Structural Performance and Site Implementation,\u201d Journal of Architectural Engineering, ASCE, V. 31, No.\u00a03, 2025, p.\u00a004025023. doi: 10.1061\/JAEIED.AEENG-2013","DOI":"10.1061\/JAEIED.AEENG-2013"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"ASTM C109\/C109M-21, \u201cStandard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens),\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021, 12 pp."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rushing, T. S.; Stynoski, P. B.; Barna, L. A.; Al-Chaar, G. K.; Burroughs, J. F.; Shannon, J. D.; Kreiger, M. A.; and Case, M. P., \u201cInvestigation of Concrete Mixtures for Additive Construction,\u201d 3D Concrete Printing Technology, 2019, pp. 137-160.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815481-6.00007-5"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malaeb, Z.; AlSakka, F.; and Hamzeh, F., \u201c3D Concrete Printing: Machine Design, Mix Proportioning, and Mix Comparison between Different Machine Setups,\u201d 3D Concrete Printing Technology, 2019. pp.\u00a0115-136.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815481-6.00006-3"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazemian, A.; Yuan, X.; Cochran, E.; and Khoshnevis, B., \u201cCementitious Materials for Construction-Scale 3D Printing: Laboratory Testing of Fresh Printing Mixture,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 145, 2017, pp. 639-647. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zareiyan, B., and Khoshnevis, B., \u201cInterlayer Adhesion and Strength of Structures in Contour Crafting - Effects of Aggregate Size, Extrusion Rate, and Layer Thickness,\u201d Automation in Construction, V. 81, 2017, pp.\u00a0112-121. doi: 10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.06.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.06.013"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahul, A. V.; Santhanam, M.; Meena, H.; and Ghani, Z., \u201c3D Printable Concrete: Mixture Design and Test Methods,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 97, 2019, pp. 13-23. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.12.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.12.014"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nerella, V. N.; N\u00e4ther, M.; Iqbal, A.; Butler, M.; and Mechtcherine, V., \u201cInline Quantification of Extrudability of Cementitious Materials for Digital Construction,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 95, 2019, pp.\u00a0260-270. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; She, W.; Yang, L.; Liu, G.; and Yang, Y., \u201cRheological and Harden Properties of the High-Thixotropy 3D Printing Concrete,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 201, 2019, pp. 278-285. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.061"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthukrishnan, S.; Kua, H. W.; Yu, L. N.; and Chung, J. K. H., \u201cFresh Properties of Cementitious Materials Containing Rice Husk Ash for Construction 3D Printing,\u201d Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 32, No. 8, 2020, p. 04020195. doi: 10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003230","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003230"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Kuchem, J. T., \u201cDevelopment of Test Methods for Characterizing Extrudability of Cement-Based Materials for Use in 3D Printing,\u201d master\u2019s thesis, 2019, https:\/\/scholarsmine.mst.edu\/masters_theses\/7906. (last accessed Sept. 30, 2025)"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Hojati, M., \u201cResilient 3D-Printed Infrastructure with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC),\u201d Transportation Consortium of South-Central States, 2021."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"ASTM C1437-20, \u201cStandard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, 2\u00a0pp."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"ASTM C230-23, \u201cStandard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2023, 7 pp."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nematollahi, B.; Vijay, P.; Sanjayan, J.; Nazari, A.; Xia, M.; Naidu Nerella, V.; and Mechtcherine, V., \u201cEffect of Polypropylene Fibre Addition on Properties of Geopolymers Made by 3D Printing for Digital Construction,\u201d Materials, V. 11, No. 12, 2018, p. 2352. doi: 10.3390\/ma11122352","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122352"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, K.; McGee, W.; Ng, T. Y.; Zhu, H.; and Li, V. C., \u201c3D-Printable Engineered Cementitious Composites (3DP-ECC): Fresh and Hardened Properties,\u201d Cement and Concrete Research, V. 143, 2021, p. 106388. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106388"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mechtcherine, V.; Nerella, V. N.; Will, F.; N\u00e4ther, M.; Otto, J.; and Krause, M., \u201cLarge-Scale Digital Concrete Construction\u2014Conprint3d Concept for On-Site, Monolithic 3D-Printing,\u201d Automation in Construction, V. 107, 2019, p. 102933. doi: 10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, A.; Nair, S. A. O.; and Neithalath, N., \u201cA Comprehensive Analysis of Buildability of 3D-Printed Concrete and the Use of Bi-Linear Stress-Strain Criterion-Based Failure Curves Towards Their Prediction,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 128, 2022, p. 104424. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104424"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, W.; McGee, W.; Zhu, H.; G\u00f6k\u00e7e, H. S.; and Li, V. C., \u201cTime-Dependent Fresh Properties Characterization of 3D Printing Engineered Cementitious Composites (3DP-ECC): On the Evaluation of Buildability,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 133, 2022, p. 104704. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104704"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suiker, A. S. J.; Wolfs, R. J. M.; Lucas, S. M.; and Salet, T. A. M., \u201cElastic Buckling and Plastic Collapse during 3D Concrete Printing,\u201d Cement and Concrete Research, V. 135, 2020, p. 106016. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106016"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diggs-McGee, B. N., and Kreiger, E. L., \u201cUsing Isolated Temporal Analysis to Aid in the Assessment of Structural Element Quality for Additive Construction,\u201d Standards Development for Cement and Concrete for Use in Additive Construction, S. Z. Jones and E. L. Kreiger, eds., ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021, pp. 117-143, https:\/\/store.astm.org\/stp163620200105.html. (last accessed Oct. 2, 2025)","DOI":"10.1520\/STP163620200105"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roussel, N., \u201cRheological Requirements for Printable Concretes,\u201d Cement and Concrete Research, V. 112, 2018, pp. 76-85. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.04.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.04.005"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"ASTM C496\/C496M-17, \u201cStandard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, 5 pp."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"ASTM C469\/C469M-22, \u201cStandard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson\u2019s Ratio of Concrete in Compression,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022, 6 pp."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghantous, R. M.; Evseeva, A.; Dickey, B.; Gupta, S.; Prihar, A.; and Esmaeeli, H. S., \u201cExamining Effect of Printing Directionality on the Freezing-and-Thawing Response of Three-Dimensional-Printed Cement Paste,\u201d ACI Materials Journal, V. 120, No. 4, July 2023, pp. 89-102.","DOI":"10.14359\/51738808"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, C. D., and Aslani, F., \u201cPerformance of 3D Printed Columns Using Self-Sensing Cementitious Composites,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 375, 2023, p. 130961. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130961"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Putten, J.; De Volder, M.; Van Den Heede, P.; De Schutter,\u00a0G.; and Van Tittelboom, K., \u201c3D Printing of Concrete: The Influence on Chloride Penetration,\u201d Second RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, F. P. Bos, S. S. Lucas, R. J. M. Wolfs, and T. A. M. Salet, eds., Springer International Publishing, 2020 pp. 500-507, http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_51. (last accessed Sept. 30, 2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_51"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"ASTM C1202-22, \u201cStandard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete\u2019s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022, 8 pp."},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"ASTM C497-20e1, \u201cStandard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, 17 pp."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"ASTM C642-21, \u201cStandard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021, 3 pp."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moini, R.; Olek, J.; Zavattieri, P. D.; and Youngblood, J. P., \u201cEarly-Age Buildability-Rheological Properties Relationship in Additively Manufactured Cement Paste Hollow Cylinders,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 131, 2022, p. 104538. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104538"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"ASTM C42\/C42M-20, \u201cStandard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete,\u201d ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, 7 pp."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutzen, M.; Schulz, M.; Moosburger-Will, J.; Lauff, P.; Fischer, O.; and Volkmer, D., \u201c3D Printing as an Automated Manufacturing Method for a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite with Outstanding Flexural Strength (105 N\/mm2),\u201d Materials and Structures, V. 54, No. 6, 2021, p. 234. doi: 10.1617\/s11527-021-01827-2","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-021-01827-2"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, T.; Xiao, J.; Zou, S.; and Zhou, X., \u201cAnisotropic Behavior in Bending of 3D Printed Concrete Reinforced with Fibers,\u201d Composite Structures, V. 254, 2020, p. 112808. doi: 10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.112808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.112808"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaliyavaradhan, S. K.; Ambily, P. S.; Prem, P. R.; and Ghodke, S.\u00a0B., \u201cTest Methods for 3D Printable Concrete,\u201d Automation in Construction, V.\u00a0142, 2022, p. 104529. doi: 10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104529"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, T. T.; Austin, S. A.; Lim, S.; Buswell, R. A.; Law, R.; Gibb, A.\u00a0G.; and Thorpe, T., \u201cHardened Properties of High-Performance Printing Concrete,\u201d Cement and Concrete Research, V. 42, No. 3, 2012, pp. 558-566. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.12.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.12.003"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guteta, L. E.; Menda, S.; Poudel, S.; Useldinger-Hoefs, J.; Gedafa, D. S.; and Dockter, B., \u201cEffect of Coal Bottom Ash and Coal Bottom Slag on Fresh, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Concrete,\u201d International Conference on Transportation and Development 2024, June 2024, pp. 197-208.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784485538.018"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y.; Rahul, A. V.; Lesage, K.; Van Tittelboom, K.; Yuan, Y.; and De Schutter, G., \u201cMechanical and Microstructural Properties of 3D Printable Concrete in the Context of the Twin-Pipe Pumping Strategy,\u201d Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 125, 2022, p. 104324. doi: 10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104324"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S. H.; Choi, J. S.; Yoo, S. J.; Yoo, D. Y.; and Yoon, Y. S., \u201cReinforcing Effect of CNT on the Microstructure and Creep Properties of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete,\u201d Construction and Building Materials, V. 428, 2024, p. 136294. doi: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136294"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Hasani, A., \u201cInvestigating the Potential of 3D Concrete Printing for Unreinforced Structures,\u201d master\u2019s thesis, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 2024, https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=7%2C35&q=Investigating+the+Potential+of+3D+Concrete+Printing+for+Unreinforced+Structures&btnG=. (last accessed Sept. 30, 2025)"}],"container-title":["ACI Materials Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.concrete.org\/publications\/getarticle.aspx?m=icap&pubid=51749126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T16:51:08Z","timestamp":1764607868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.concrete.org\/publications\/internationalconcreteabstractsportal.aspx?m=details&id=51749126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14359\/51749126","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-325X","0889-325X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0889-325X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"0889-325X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}