{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:33:27Z","timestamp":1765524807461,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Transcript Verlag","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Social media such as Twitter and Instagram are fast, free, and multicast. These attributes make them particularly useful for crisis communication. However, the speed and volume also make them challenging to study. Historically, journalists controlled what\/how images represented crises. Large volumes of social media can change the politics of representing disasters. However, methodologically, it is challenging to study visual social media data. Specifically, the process is usually labour-intensive, using human coding of images to discern themes and subjects. For this reason, Studies investigating social media during crises tend to examine text. In addition, application programming interfaces (APIs) for visual social media services such as Instagram and Snapchat are restrictive or even non-existent. Our work uses images posted by Instagram users on Twitter during Hurricane Sandy as a case study. This particular case is unique as it is perhaps the first US disaster where Instagram played a key role in how victims experienced Sandy. It is also the last major US disaster to take place before Instagram images were removed from Twitter feeds. Our sample consists of 11,964 Instagram images embedded into tweets during a twoweek timeline surrounding Hurricane Sandy. We found that the production and consumption of selfies, food\/drink, pets, and humorous macro images highlight possible changes in the politics of representing disasters - a potential turn from top-down understandings of disasters to bottom-up, citizen informed views. Ultimately, we argue that image data produced during crises has potential value in helping us understand the social experience of disasters, but studying these types of data presents theoretical and methodological challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T17:34:04Z","timestamp":1482600844000},"page":"113-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Visual Social Media and Big Data. Interpreting Instagram Images Posted on Twitter"],"prefix":"10.14361","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Dhiraj","family":"Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"McGarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"5471","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref31","first-page":"253","article-title":"Special Issue : The ethics of images In Visual pp","volume":"12","author":"Chouliaraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communication"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2014.12.006","article-title":"Youth and surveillance in the Facebook era : Policy interventions and social implications In pp","volume":"39","author":"Montgomery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Telecommunications Policy"},{"key":"ref281","article-title":"Big Data solutions on a small scale : Evaluating accessible high - performance computing for social research In Big Data","volume":"1","author":"Murthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.07.025","article-title":"The content of social media s shared images about Ebola : a retro - spective study In pp Visual Social Media and Big Data An anatomy of a YouTube meme In New media & Society pp","volume":"129","author":"Seltzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"271","article-title":"Social media photography : construing subjectivity in Instagram images In Visual pp","volume":"15","author":"Zappavigna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Communication"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"340","article-title":"The cultural logic of photo - based meme genres In of Visual Culture pp","volume":"13","author":"Shifman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"6","article-title":"Emergency knowledge management and social media technologies : A case study of the Haitian earthquake In of information management pp","volume":"31","author":"Yates","year":"2011","journal-title":"International journal"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"32","article-title":"Object - of - Interest Retrieval in Social Media Image Databases for e - Crime Forum Detection In of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management pp","volume":"6","author":"Xinpeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Image and video disclosure of substance use on social media websites In Computers in Human pp","volume":"26","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2016.09.015","article-title":"Social media processes in disasters : Implications of emergent technology use In Research in press doi http \/ dx doi org","author":"Murthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Science"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Big Data new epistemologies and paradigm shifts In Big Data","volume":"1","author":"Kitchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"662","article-title":"Critical Questions for Big Data In Informa - tion Communication pp","volume":"15","author":"boyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"248","article-title":"Twitter adoption and use in mass convergence and emergency events In of Emergency Management pp","volume":"6","author":"Hughes","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"ref211","article-title":"Pop polyvocality : Internet memes public participation and the Occupy Wall Street movement In of Commu - nication","volume":"7","author":"Milner","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"309","article-title":"Persistence and change in social media In Bulletin of Science , Technology pp","volume":"30","author":"Hogan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Society"}],"container-title":["Digital Culture &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/transcript.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/dcs\/2\/2\/article-p113.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:28:15Z","timestamp":1765524495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208\/html"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208\/html","label":"wdeg_secondary"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14361\/dcs-2016-0208","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-2122","2364-2114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2364-2122"},{"type":"print","value":"2364-2114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}}}