{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:46:00Z","timestamp":1790959560697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017141","name":"Samsung Medison Co. Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-ultrasonography.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasonography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS) using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and intrarenal reflux (IRR), and compared it with that of standard fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).Methods: Thirty-two consecutive children from April to October 2019 were included in this study. ce-VUS and VCUG were performed simultaneously by two operators with intravesical infusion of a mixture of ultrasound contrast medium, iodinated contrast medium and water. Two pediatric radiologists independently reviewed the ce-VUS and VCUG images and reported the presence and degree of VUR (grades I-V), and the presence and type of IRR.Results: Twenty-seven of 63 urinary systems showed VUR. Interobserver agreement for VUR grading was very good for both examinations (\u03ba=0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.92 for ce-VUS and \u03ba=0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96 for VCUG). The detection rate of VUR showed no significant difference between the two examinations (P=0.370). Four cases of VUR were missed on ce-VUS, while one case of VUR was missed on VCUG. All four false-negative cases on ce-VUS were grade 1 VUR. The two examinations showed very good agreement regarding VUR grading (\u03ba =0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.96). IRR was more frequently detected with ce-VUS than with VCUG (10 cases with ce-VUS vs. 3 cases with VCUG, P=0.016).Conclusion: ce-VUS showed very good agreement with VCUG for detecting grade 2 VUR and above, while grade 1 VUR was sometimes missed with ce-VUS. IRR was more frequently detected with ce-VUS than with VCUG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.20157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T01:42:10Z","timestamp":1612921330000},"page":"530-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14366\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux and intrarenal reflux: a comparison of diagnostic performance with fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography"],"prefix":"10.14366","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5155-4789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daehee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1842-9062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young 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