{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1767337358132,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-ultrasonography.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasonography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study evaluated the 3-year safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation in Korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: In this prospective single-center study, 33 adults with a single HCC lesion (2\u20135 cm; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A) were enrolled between December 2017 and May 2020. All underwent ultrasound-guided MWA using the NEUWAVE system. One patient did not complete post-treatment evaluation and two had protocol deviations, yielding a full analysis set of 30 patients and a safety analysis set of 33 patients. Study endpoints included technical success (TS), technique efficacy (TE), local tumor progression (LTP), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) over a 3-year follow-up period.Results: All 33 patients were included in the safety analysis, while 30 were included in the efficacy analysis. Most patients were male (83.3%), with a median age of 64 years and a mean tumor size of 2.5\u00b10.6 cm. Median follow-up was 36.2 months. TS and TE were achieved in all cases. The 3-year cumulative LTP rate was 7.3%, and the 3-year OS rate was 90.0%. Minor AEs occurred in 54.5% of patients, most commonly post-ablation pain and fever. Two patients (6.1%) experienced major AEs, including pyrexia and duodenal thermal injury. No procedure- or device-related deaths occurred.Conclusion: MWA appears to be a safe and effective treatment for early-stage HCC, demonstrating durable tumor control and a low incidence of major complications over 3 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.25184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T04:16:08Z","timestamp":1761365768000},"page":"59-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14366\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean patients"],"prefix":"10.14366","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9048-9011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min 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