{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:44:27Z","timestamp":1782801867358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-ultrasonography.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasonography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of different ultrasound-based methods for assessing growth in low-suspicion thyroid nodules and to determine whether significant nodule growth (SNG) is associated with malignancy or thyroid neoplasm, as well as its implications for follow-up intervals.Methods: In this retrospective study, 309 patients with 334 low-suspicion thyroid nodules were analyzed. All nodules underwent at least three ultrasound examinations over \u22651 year and had cytopathologic confirmation. SNG was defined using three criteria: diameter-based criterion (DBC; \u226520% increase in at least two diameters with a minimum increase of \u22652 mm), volume-based criterion (VBC; \u226550% increase in volume), and change in the longest diameter alone (\u226520% and \u22652 mm increase). Statistical associations between SNG and malignancy or thyroid neoplasm were evaluated using odds ratios (ORs).Results: Nodule growth was common, occurring in 57.8% of nodules according to DBC or VBC and in 51.5% based on the longest diameter, with substantial concordance between methods (\u03ba=0.68). The median time to SNG was 2.9 years for DBC or VBC and 2.6 years for the longest diameter. SNG was not significantly associated with malignancy (OR, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 2.06) or thyroid neoplasm (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.88).Conclusion: Among cytopathologically confirmed low-suspicion thyroid nodules, SNG was not associated with malignancy or thyroid neoplasm. Measurement of the longest diameter alone provided a practical alternative to more complex growth assessment methods. Given that the median time to SNG exceeded 2.6 years, current ultrasound follow-up intervals for low-suspicion nodules may warrant cautious reconsideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.25198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:12:27Z","timestamp":1782364347000},"page":"351-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14366\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-based follow-up of low-suspicion thyroid nodules with cytopathologic confirmation: is nodule growth associated with malignancy?"],"prefix":"10.14366","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9228-022X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myoung Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4855-9711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haejung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-1617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soo Yeon","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-7357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Hee","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5473","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02162.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30360"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161208.GL"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0713"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01832"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/ep-2019-0049"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0956"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0752-x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/ajcpphlwmi3jv4la"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2015.06.04"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0067"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.1069"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0567"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08450-3"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14167"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.a4650"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.3.560"}],"container-title":["Ultrasonography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-ultrasonography.org\/upload\/usg-25198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-ultrasonography.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14366\/usg.25198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-ultrasonography.org\/upload\/usg-25198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1782798909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-ultrasonography.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14366\/usg.25198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14366\/usg.25198","relation":{},"ISSN":["2288-5919","2288-5943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2288-5919","type":"print"},{"value":"2288-5943","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}