{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T06:10:04Z","timestamp":1749103804420,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Biological Methods","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bladder"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The disrupted gut microbiome has been found to be implicated in the development of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS). Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is an oral medication used for treating IC\/BPS, acting as both an anti-inflammatory agent and a bladder barrier protector. However, the precise mechanisms by which the PPS-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome alleviates IC\/BPS are not fully understood. Objective: This study aimed to identify the key gut microbiota species and metabolites involved in PPS&amp;rsquo;s protective effects against IC\/BPS. Methods: We employed a multifaceted approach, including 16S rDNA gene sequencing, antibiotic treatment, and fecal microbiota transplantation, to validate the dependency of PPS&amp;rsquo;s protective effects on the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive metabolomic profiling using non-targeted metabolomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: PPS significantly elevated the abundance of the xylan-degrading bacteria, Eubacterium xylanophilum group, which, through its interaction with the gut microbiome, markedly reduced inflammation and barrier damage induced by cyclophosphamide in IC\/BPS. In addition, PPS significantly increased the level of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid, demonstrating a strong correlation with the abundance of the E. xylanophilum group. Ex vivo supplementation with UDCA mitigated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and barrier disruption in SV-HUC-1 cells by activating the TGR5 receptor. Conclusion: PPS exerts its protective effects against IC\/BPS by modulating the gut microbiome and its metabolites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14440\/bladder.2024.0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T02:21:13Z","timestamp":1742955673000},"page":"e21200036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pentosan polysulfate alleviates interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome by modulating bile acid metabolism and activating the TGR5 receptor through gut microbiota regulation"],"prefix":"10.14440","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhangrui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuexuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wentai","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5574","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"container-title":["Bladder"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/web-api.polscientific.com\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250603161056f62872627.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/web-api.polscientific.com\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250603161056f62872627.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:40:38Z","timestamp":1749102038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/polscientific.com\/journal\/Bladder\/12\/2\/10.14440\/bladder.2024.0060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14440\/bladder.2024.0060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-2120"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2327-2120"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]}}}