{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:15:49Z","timestamp":1774264549447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Texas Heart Institute Journal","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Absent pulmonary valve is a rare and severe variant seen in only 3% to 6% of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Fetuses with this combined condition who survive through birth typically need intervention in infancy or early childhood because of respiratory distress, heart failure, or failure to thrive. We describe the unusual case of a mildly symptomatic 16-year-old boy with these conditions who underwent successful primary repair. Our search of the medical literature yielded fewer than 5 cases of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve (or variants with an absent left pulmonary artery) and survival without repair into later adolescence or adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14503\/thij-15-5385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T23:13:42Z","timestamp":1481930022000},"page":"517-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve in a Mildly Symptomatic 16-Year-Old Boy"],"prefix":"10.14503","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Drogalis-Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Reemtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leigh Christopher","family":"Reardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5628","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b1","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"206","article-title":"Cardiovascular anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"20","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nagao\n              GI\n            , DaoudGI, McAdamsAJ, SchwartzDC, KaplanS.\n          Cardiovascular anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol1967;20(2):206\u201315."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b2","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"1671","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with absent pulmonary valve syndrome: 38 years of experience","volume":"97","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yong\n              MS\n            , YimD, BrizardCP, RobertsonT, BullockA, d'UdekemY, KonstantinovIE.\n          Long-term outcomes of patients with absent pulmonary valve syndrome: 38 years of experience. Ann Thorac Surg2014;97(5):1671\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b3","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","first-page":"354","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in the treatment of patients with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve","volume":"31","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alsoufi\n              B\n            , WilliamsWG, HuaZ, CaiS, KaramlouT, ChanCC, \n          et al. Surgical outcomes in the treatment of patients with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2007;31(3):354\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b4","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"167","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Natural history and hemodynamic considerations","volume":"50","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lakier\n              JB\n            , StangerP, HeymannMA, HoffmanJI, RudolphAM.\n          Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Natural history and hemodynamic considerations. Circulation1974;50(1):167\u201375."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b5","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"429","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis by echocardiogram and outcome of absent pulmonary valve syndrome","volume":"91","year":"2003","unstructured":"Razavi\n              RS\n            , SharlandGK, SimpsonJM.\n          Prenatal diagnosis by echocardiogram and outcome of absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Am J Cardiol2003;91(4):429\u201332."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b6","series-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Characteristics, associations and outcome of absent pulmonary valve syndrome in the fetus","volume":"24","year":"2004","unstructured":"Volpe\n              P\n            , PaladiniD, MarasiniM, BuonadonnaAL, RussoMG, CarusoG, \n          et al. Characteristics, associations and outcome of absent pulmonary valve syndrome in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2004;24(6):623\u20138."},{"key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b7","series-title":"Moss and Adams' heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult","first-page":"975","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roche\n              SL\n            , GreenwaySC, RedingtonAN.\n          Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. In: AllenHD, DriscollDJ, ShaddyRE, FeltesTF. Moss and Adams' heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 975\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b8","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","first-page":"e113","article-title":"Late repair of tetralogy of Fallot during childhood in patients from developing countries","volume":"47","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benbrick\n              N\n            , RomefortB, Le GloanL, WarinK, HauetQ, GuerinP, \n          et al. Late repair of tetralogy of Fallot during childhood in patients from developing countries. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2015;47(3):e113\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-43-6-517-b9","series-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg","first-page":"330","article-title":"A rare congenital cardiac anomaly in adulthood: tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome","volume":"5","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saygi\n              M\n            , HaydinS, GuzeltasA, OdemisE, YeniterziM.\n          A rare congenital cardiac anomaly in adulthood: tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. 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