{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T05:23:48Z","timestamp":1731043428200,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Texas Heart Institute Journal","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous ganglion block is increasingly being used to help manage ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We present the cases of 2 patients in whom we used continuous left thoracic paravertebral block to achieve sympathetic denervation and improvement in drug-refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Whether as destination therapy or bridging therapy, we conclude that the block is safe, improves patients' comfort, and is superior in several ways to stellate ganglion block and other single-injection techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14503\/thij-17-6433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T17:30:10Z","timestamp":1649439010000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block to Treat Electrical Storm"],"prefix":"10.14503","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Daryl I.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Pain Service, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Kralovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Pain Service, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafeek A.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Pain Service, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Anesthesiology Division, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5628","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b1","series-title":"Heart Rhythm","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Use of thoracic epidural anesthesia for management of electrical storm: a case report","volume":"2","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mahajan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Moore\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Cesario\n              DA,\n            \n            \n              Shivkumar\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Use of thoracic epidural anesthesia for management of electrical storm: a case report.\n\t\t\t\t\tHeart Rhythm2005;2(12):1359\u201362."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b2","series-title":"Heart Rhythm","first-page":"752","article-title":"Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for the treatment of long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia using video-assisted thoracic surgery","volume":"6","year":"2009","unstructured":"Collura\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Johnson\n              JN,\n            \n            \n              Moir\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MJ.\n            \n          \n          Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for the treatment of long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia using video-assisted thoracic surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tHeart Rhythm2009;6(6):752\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b3","series-title":"Tex Heart Inst J","first-page":"409","article-title":"Left stellate ganglion block for continuous ventricular arrhythmias during percutaneous left ventricular assist device support","volume":"38","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loyalka\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Hariharan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Gholkar\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Gregoric\n              ID,\n            \n            \n              Tamerisa\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Nathan\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Kar\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Left stellate ganglion block for continuous ventricular arrhythmias during percutaneous left ventricular assist device support.\n\t\t\t\t\tTex Heart Inst J2011;38(4):409\u201311."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b4","series-title":"J Vasc Interv Neurol","first-page":"48","article-title":"Percutaneous inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion blockade for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia storm: case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malik\n              AA,\n            \n            \n              Khan\n              AA,\n            \n            \n              Dingmann\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Qureshi\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Thompson\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Suri\n              MF,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPercutaneous inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion blockade for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia storm: case report and review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vasc Interv Neurol2014;7(5):48\u201351."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b5","series-title":"ASAIO J","first-page":"104","article-title":"Trial ultrasound-guided continuous left stellate ganglion blockade before surgical gangliolysis in a patient with a left ventricular assist device and intractable ventricular tachycardia: a pain control application to a complex hemodynamic condition","volume":"61","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith\n              DI,\n            \n            \n              Jones\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Morris\n              GK,\n            \n            \n              Kralovic\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Massey\n              HT,\n            \n            \n              Sifain\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Trial ultrasound-guided continuous left stellate ganglion blockade before surgical gangliolysis in a patient with a left ventricular assist device and intractable ventricular tachycardia: a pain control application to a complex hemodynamic condition.\n\t\t\t\t\tASAIO J2015;61(1):104\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b6","series-title":"Tex Heart Inst J","first-page":"111","article-title":"The evaluation and management of electrical storm","volume":"38","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eifling\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Razavi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Massumi\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The evaluation and management of electrical storm.\n\t\t\t\t\tTex Heart Inst J2011;38(2):111\u201321."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b7","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"1909","article-title":"Electrical storm in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: incidence, management and prognostic implications","volume":"32","year":"1998","unstructured":"Credner\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Klingenheben\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Mauss\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Sticherling\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Hohnloser\n              SH.\n            \n          \n          Electrical storm in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: incidence, management and prognostic implications.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Coll Cardiol1998;32(7):1909\u201315."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b8","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","first-page":"281","article-title":"Incidence and clinical significance of short-term recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"59","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fries\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Heisel\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Huwer\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Nikoloudakis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Schafers\n              HJ,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncidence and clinical significance of short-term recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Cardiol1997;59(3):281\u20134."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b9","series-title":"Europace","first-page":"263","article-title":"Is electrical storm in ICD patients the sign of a dying heart? Outcome of patients with clusters of ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"2","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greene\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Newman\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Geist\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Paquette\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Heng\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Dorian\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Is electrical storm in ICD patients the sign of a dying heart? Outcome of patients with clusters of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.\n\t\t\t\t\tEuropace2000;2(3):263\u20139."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b10","series-title":"Heart Rhythm","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmia storms in postinfarction patients with implantable defibrillators for primary prevention indications: a MADIT-II substudy","volume":"4","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sesselberg\n              HW,\n            \n            \n              Moss\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              McNitt\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Zareba\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Daubert\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Andrews\n              ML,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tVentricular arrhythmia storms in postinfarction patients with implantable defibrillators for primary prevention indications: a MADIT-II substudy.\n\t\t\t\t\tHeart Rhythm2007;4(11):1395\u2013402."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b11","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and mortality significance of the causative arrhythmia in patients with electrical storm","volume":"15","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verma\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Kilicaslan\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Marrouche\n              NF,\n            \n            \n              Minor\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Khan\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wazni\n              O,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence, predictors, and mortality significance of the causative arrhythmia in patients with electrical storm.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol2004;15(11):1265\u201370."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b12","series-title":"Eur Heart J","first-page":"700","article-title":"Clinical predictors and prognostic significance of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators","volume":"27","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brigadeau\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Kouakam\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Klug\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Marquie\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Duhamel\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Mizon-Gerard\n              F,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical predictors and prognostic significance of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Heart J2006;27(6):700\u20137."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b13","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"2066","article-title":"Electrical storm presages nonsudden death: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial","volume":"103","year":"2001","unstructured":"Exner\n              DV,\n            \n            \n              Pinski\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Wyse\n              DG,\n            \n            \n              Renfroe\n              EG,\n            \n            \n              Follmann\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Gold\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tElectrical storm presages nonsudden death: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation2001;103(16):2066\u201371."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b14","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"742","article-title":"Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy","volume":"102","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nademanee\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Bailey\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Rieders\n              DE,\n            \n            \n              Kosar\n              EM.\n            \n          \n          Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation2000;102(7):742\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b15","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"118","article-title":"A thermographic study of paravertebral analgesia","volume":"50","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cheema\n              SP,\n            \n            \n              Ilsley\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Richardson\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Sabanathan\n              S.\n            \n          \n          A thermographic study of paravertebral analgesia.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnaesthesia1995;50(2):118\u201321."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1526-6702-49-2-e176433-b16","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"638","article-title":"Paravertebral thoracic block-a reappraisal","volume":"34","year":"1979","unstructured":"Eason\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Wyatt\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Paravertebral thoracic block-a reappraisal.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnaesthesia1979;34(7):638\u201342."}],"container-title":["Texas Heart Institute 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