{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:55:48Z","timestamp":1757454948273,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Texas Heart Institute Journal","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patent ductus arteriosus is a common cardiac anomaly in infants that, if untreated, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In lower-middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, obtaining cardiovascular surgical care for infants remains difficult. In recent years, especially with the assistance of international voluntary cardiac organizations, efforts have increased to provide cardiac surgical services to this underserved population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this case series, the authors describe outcomes in 30 infants surgically treated for patent ductus arteriosus between 2013 and 2019 at an emerging cardiac center in Nigeria (9 male [30%] and 21 female [70%]; mean [SD] age, 8.2 [3.01] months; mean [SD] weight, 5.3 [1.52] kg; mean [range] weight deficit, 34.5% [15%\u201360%]).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All the infants presented with patent ductus arteriosus as the main cardiac lesion, and 4 (13%) were syndromic. The mean (SD) patent ductus arteriosus diameter was 4.73 (1.46) mm. Surgical closure was completed in 29 infants; 1 died before surgery. No procedure-related deaths occurred, but 2 cases of trivial residual patent ductus arteriosus were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, surgical outcomes were excellent, with acceptable mortality rates. Perioperative care will continue to improve as the center is built to a self-sustaining capacity. Findings of this research at this emerging cardiac center in a developing country are a testament to the positive contribution made by international voluntary cardiac missions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14503\/thij-21-7633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T14:57:30Z","timestamp":1670943450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Outcomes of Surgical Management for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.14503","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ndubueze","family":"Ezemba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josephat M.","family":"Chinawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daberechi K.","family":"Adiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ijeoma O.","family":"Arodiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fortune A.","family":"Ujunwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka O.","family":"Okorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology, National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku\/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5628","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b1","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol.","first-page":"455","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970\u20132017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu\nY,\n\n\nChen\nS,\n\n\nZ\u00fchlke\nL,\n\n\nBlack\nGC,\n\n\nChoy\nM,\n\n\nLi\nN,\n\n\nKeavney\nBD.\n\n\nGlobal birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970\u20132017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies.\nInt J Epidemiol.2019;48(2):455\u2013463.\ndoi:10.1093\/ije\/dyz009"},{"issue":"21","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b2","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol.","first-page":"2241","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Linde\nD,\n\n\nKonings\nEEM,\n\n\nSlager\nMA,\n\n\n.\nBirth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\nJ Am Coll Cardiol.2011;58(21):2241\u20132247.\ndoi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b3","series-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg.","first-page":"172","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in Nigerian children: a multicenter echocardiographic study","volume":"4","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadoh\nWE,\n\n\nUzodimma\nCC,\n\n\nDaniels\nQ.\n\n\nCongenital heart disease in Nigerian children: a multicenter echocardiographic study.\nWorld J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg.2013;4(2):172\u2013176.\ndoi:10.1177\/2150135112474026"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b4","series-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J.","first-page":"230","article-title":"Pattern of congenital heart disease in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"19","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kolo\nPM,\n\n\nAdeoye\nPO,\n\n\nOmotosho\nAB,\n\n\nAfolabi\nJK.\n\n\nPattern of congenital heart disease in Ilorin, Nigeria.\nNiger Postgrad Med J.2012;19(4):230\u2013234."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b5","series-title":"Afr Health Sci.","first-page":"367","article-title":"A systematic review of trends and patterns of congenital heart disease in children in Nigeria from 1964\u20132015","volume":"16","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdulkadir\nM,\n\n\nAbdulkadir\nZ.\n\n\nA systematic review of trends and patterns of congenital heart disease in children in Nigeria from 1964\u20132015.\nAfr Health Sci.2016;16(2):367\u2013377.\ndoi:10.4314\/ahs.v16i2.5"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b6","series-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr.","first-page":"265","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: a four-year prospective echocardiographic analysis","volume":"25","year":"2014","unstructured":"Otaigbe\nBE,\n\n\nTabansi\nPN.\n\n\nCongenital heart disease in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: a four-year prospective echocardiographic analysis.\nCardiovasc J Afr.2014;25(6):265\u2013268.\ndoi:10.5830\/CVJA-2014-055"},{"issue":"17","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b7","series-title":"Circulation.","first-page":"1873","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"114","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider\nDJ,\n\n\nMoore\nJW.\n\n\nPatent ductus arteriosus.\nCirculation.2006;114(17):1873\u20131882.\ndoi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592063"},{"key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b8","series-title":"N Engl J Med.","first-page":"510","article-title":"A surgical approach for ligation a patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"220","year":"1939","unstructured":"Gross\nRE.\n\n\nA surgical approach for ligation a patent ductus arteriosus.\nN Engl J Med.1939;220:510\u2013514."},{"key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b9","series-title":"JAMA.","first-page":"729","article-title":"Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: report of first successful case","volume":"112","year":"1939","unstructured":"Gross\nRE,\n\n\nHubbard\nJP.\n\n\nSurgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: report of first successful case.\nJAMA.1939;112:729\u2013731."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b10","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown).","first-page":"210","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus: close to the gold standard and minimally invasive competitor of percutaneous techniques","volume":"7","year":"2006","unstructured":"Villa\nE,\n\n\nFolliguet\nT,\n\n\nMagnano\nD,\n\n\nVanden Eynden\nF,\n\n\nLe Bret\nE,\n\n\nLaborde\nF.\n\n\nVideo-assisted thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus: close to the gold standard and minimally invasive competitor of percutaneous techniques.\nJ Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown).2006;7(3):210\u2013215."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b11","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.","first-page":"387","article-title":"Paediatric video-assisted thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus: experience in more than 700 cases","volume":"25","year":"2004","unstructured":"Villa\nE,\n\n\nEynden\nFV,\n\n\nLe Bret\nE,\n\n\nFolliguet\nT,\n\n\nLaborde\nF.\n\n\nPaediatric video-assisted thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus: experience in more than 700 cases.\nEur J Cardiothorac Surg.2004;25(3):387\u2013393."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b12","series-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis.","first-page":"122","article-title":"Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: past, present and future","volume":"107","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baruteau\nAE,\n\n\nHasco\u00ebt\nS,\n\n\nBaruteau\nJ,\n\n\n.\nTranscatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: past, present and future.\nArch Cardiovasc Dis.2014;107(2):122\u2013132.\ndoi:10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.01.008"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b13","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.","first-page":"973","article-title":"Interruption of patent ductus arteriosus in children: robotically assisted versus videothoracoscopic surgery","volume":"123","year":"2002","unstructured":"Le Bret\nE,\n\n\nPapadatos\nS,\n\n\nFolliguet\nT,\n\n\n.\nInterruption of patent ductus arteriosus in children: robotically assisted versus videothoracoscopic surgery.\nJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2002;123(5):973\u2013976.\ndoi:10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.01.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b14","series-title":"Cardiol Young.","first-page":"367","article-title":"Successful closure of an arterial duct in 18 children in a third world country","volume":"20","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grossfeld\nP,\n\n\nGreenberg\nM,\n\n\nSaw\nS,\n\n\n.\nSuccessful closure of an arterial duct in 18 children in a third world country.\nCardiol Young.2010;20(4):367\u2013372.\ndoi:10.1017\/S1047951109990266"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b15","series-title":"Cardiol Young.","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Management of complex CHD at the National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: the role of foreign cardiac missions in 3.5 years","volume":"27","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nwafor\nIA,\n\n\nChinawa\nJM,\n\n\nAdiele\nDK,\n\n\n.\nManagement of complex CHD at the National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: the role of foreign cardiac missions in 3.5 years.\nCardiol Young.2017;27(6):1174\u20131179.\ndoi:10.1017\/S1047951116002766"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b16","series-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis.","first-page":"82","article-title":"Cardiac surgery in low-income settings: 10 years of experience from two countries","volume":"110","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirabel\nM,\n\n\nLachaud\nM,\n\n\nOffredo\nL,\n\n\n.\nCardiac surgery in low-income settings: 10 years of experience from two countries.\nArch Cardiovasc Dis.2017;110(2):82\u201390.\ndoi:10.1016\/j.acvd.2016.05.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b17","series-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg.","first-page":"163","article-title":"Paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery in emerging economies: surgical \u2018safari' versus educational programmes","volume":"23","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corno\nAF.\n\n\nPaediatric and congenital cardiac surgery in emerging economies: surgical \u2018safari' versus educational programmes.\nInteract Cardiovasc Thorac Surg.2016;23(1):163\u2013167.\ndoi:10.1093\/icvts\/ivw069"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b18","series-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg.","first-page":"419","article-title":"Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates weighing less than 1,000 grams: contemporary outcomes","volume":"9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehenbauer\nDG,\n\n\nFraser\nCD\nIII,\n\n\nCrawford\nTC,\n\n\n.\nSurgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates weighing less than 1,000 grams: contemporary outcomes.\nWorld J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg.2018;9(4):419\u2013423.\ndoi:10.1177\/2150135118766454"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b19","series-title":"Cardiol Young.","first-page":"68","article-title":"Evolution of strategies for management of the patent arterial duct","volume":"17","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giroud\nJM,\n\n\nJacobs\nJP.\n\n\nEvolution of strategies for management of the patent arterial duct.\nCardiol Young.2007;17(suppl 2):68\u201374.\ndoi:10.1017\/S1047951107001175"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b20","series-title":"Congenit Heart Dis.","first-page":"95","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus: opportunities moving forward","volume":"14","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell\nCC,\n\n\nRivera\nBK,\n\n\nCooper\nJN,\n\n\n.\nPercutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus: opportunities moving forward.\nCongenit Heart Dis.2019;14(1):95\u201399.\ndoi:10.1111\/chd.12704"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b21","series-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr.","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ductal closure in infants under 6 kg including premature infants using Amplatzer duct occlude type two additional sizes: a single-centre experience in South Africa","volume":"31","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pepeta\nL,\n\n\nGreyling\nA,\n\n\nNxele\nMF,\n\n\nMakrexeni\nZ,\n\n\nJiyana\nS.\n\n\nDuctal closure in infants under 6 kg including premature infants using Amplatzer duct occlude type two additional sizes: a single-centre experience in South Africa.\nCardiovasc J Afr.2020;31(1):33\u201339.\ndoi:10.5830\/CVJA-2019-044"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b22","series-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv.","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Outcome after transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 6 kg: a national study from United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"90","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang\nSL,\n\n\nJivanji\nS,\n\n\nMehta\nC,\n\n\n.\nOutcome after transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 6 kg: a national study from United Kingdom and Ireland.\nCatheter Cardiovasc Interv.2017;90(7):1135\u20131144.\ndoi:10.1002\/ccd.27212"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b23","series-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.","first-page":"F198","article-title":"Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants weighing less than 1200g","volume":"103","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morville\nP,\n\n\nDouchin\nS,\n\n\nBouvaist\nH,\n\n\nDauphin\nC.\n\n\nTranscatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants weighing less than 1200g.\nArch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.2018;103(3):F198\u2013F201.\ndoi:10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312582"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b24","series-title":"Pediatr Cardiol.","first-page":"781","article-title":"Transcatheter Amplatzer occlusion and surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus: comparison of effectiveness and costs in a low-income country","volume":"30","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen\nZ,\n\n\nChen\nL,\n\n\nWu\nL.\n\n\nTranscatheter Amplatzer occlusion and surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus: comparison of effectiveness and costs in a low-income country.\nPediatr Cardiol.2009;30(6):781\u2013785.\ndoi:10.1007\/s00246-009-9440-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b25","series-title":"Pak J Med Sci.","first-page":"974","article-title":"Comparison of effectiveness and cost of patent ductus arteriosus device occlusion versus surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"32","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zulqarnain\nA,\n\n\nYounas\nM,\n\n\nWaqar\nT,\n\n\nBeg\nA,\n\n\nAsma\nT,\n\n\nBaig\nMAR.\n\n\nComparison of effectiveness and cost of patent ductus arteriosus device occlusion versus surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus.\nPak J Med Sci.2016;32(4):974\u2013977.\ndoi:10.12669\/pjms.324.10048"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b26","series-title":"Nig J Cardiol.","first-page":"8","article-title":"Trans-thoracic open ligation of the persistent ductus arteriosus in Ile-Ife, Nigeria","volume":"12","year":"2015","unstructured":"Onakpoya\nUU,\n\n\nOgunrombi\nAB,\n\n\nAladesuru\nAO,\n\n\nOkeniyi\nJAO,\n\n\nAdenekan\nAT,\n\n\nOwojuyigbe\nAM.\n\n\nTrans-thoracic open ligation of the persistent ductus arteriosus in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.\nNig J Cardiol.2015;12(1):8\u201312.\ndoi:10.4103\/0189-7969.148479"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b27","series-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther.","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana","volume":"6","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tettey\nM,\n\n\nTamatey\nM,\n\n\nEdwin\nF.\n\n\nCardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana.\nCardiovasc Diagn Ther.2016;6(suppl 1):S64\u2013S73.\ndoi:10.21037\/cdt.2016.08.03"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b28","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"784","article-title":"Treatment options for pediatric patent ductus arteriosus: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"148","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lam\nJY,\n\n\nLopushinsky\nSR,\n\n\nMa\nIWY,\n\n\nDicke\nF,\n\n\nBrindle\nME.\n\n\nTreatment options for pediatric patent ductus arteriosus: systematic review and meta-analysis.\nChest.2015;148(3):784\u2013793.\ndoi:10.1378\/chest.14-2997"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b29","series-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg.","first-page":"532","article-title":"Is thoracoscopic patent ductus arteriosus closure superior to conventional surgery?","volume":"21","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stankowski\nT,\n\n\nAboul-Hassan\nSS,\n\n\nMarczak\nJ,\n\n\nCichon\nR.\n\n\nIs thoracoscopic patent ductus arteriosus closure superior to conventional surgery?\n\nInteract Cardiovasc Thorac Surg.\n\n2015;21(4):532\u2013538.\ndoi:10.1093\/icvts\/ivv185"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b30","series-title":"SM J Pediatr Surg.","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Transcatheter versus surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in pediatric patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"3","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nady\nME,\n\n\nAmrousy\nDE,\n\n\nSalah\nN,\n\n\nZoair\nA.\n\n\nTranscatheter versus surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in pediatric patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis.\nSM J Pediatr Surg.2017;3(4):1054."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b31","series-title":"Niger J Med.","first-page":"376","article-title":"Audit of cardiothoracic diseases seen at the National Cardiothoracic Centre Enugu Nigeria","volume":"20","year":"2011","unstructured":"Edaigbini\nSA,\n\n\nEze\nJC,\n\n\nAnyanwu\nCH.\n\n\nAudit of cardiothoracic diseases seen at the National Cardiothoracic Centre Enugu Nigeria.\nNiger J Med.2011;20(3):376\u2013379."},{"key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b32","unstructured":"Child growth standards. World Health Organization.\nAccessed November 27, 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/child-growth-standards","article-title":"Child growth standards. World Health Organization"},{"key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b33","series-title":"Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Including the Fetus and Young Adult","first-page":"1632","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","year":"2000","unstructured":"David\nJS.\n\n\nPatent ductus arteriosus.\nIn:AllenHD,eds.Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Including the Fetus and Young Adult.\n6th ed.\nLippincott Williams & Wilkins;\n2000:1632."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b34","series-title":"Indian Pediatr.","first-page":"143","article-title":"Indian guidelines for indications and timing of intervention for common congenital heart diseases: revised and updated consensus statement of the Working Group on Management of Congenital Heart Diseases","volume":"57","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saxena\nA,\n\n\nRelan\nJ,\n\n\nAgarwal\nR,\n\n\n.\nIndian guidelines for indications and timing of intervention for common congenital heart diseases: revised and updated consensus statement of the Working Group on Management of Congenital Heart Diseases.\nIndian Pediatr.2020;57(2):143\u2013157.\ndoi:10.4103\/apc.APC_32_19"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b35","series-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J.","first-page":"156","article-title":"Rubella transmissibility and reproductive number (Ro): a critical appraisal of the prospects for its control in Nigeria","volume":"27","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durowade\nKA,\n\n\nMusa\nOI,\n\n\nOsagbemi\nGK.\n\n\nRubella transmissibility and reproductive number (Ro): a critical appraisal of the prospects for its control in Nigeria.\nNiger Postgrad Med J.2020;27(3):156\u2013162.\ndoi:10.4103\/npmj.npmj_84_20"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1526-6702-49-6-e217633-b36","series-title":"Int J Prev Med.","first-page":"287","article-title":"Seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibody in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria","volume":"5","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kolawole\nOM,\n\n\nAnjorin\nEO,\n\n\nAdekanle\nDA,\n\n\nKolawole\nCF,\n\n\nDurowade\nKA.\n\n\nSeroprevalence of rubella IgG antibody in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria.\nInt J Prev Med.2014;5(4):287\u2013292."}],"container-title":["Texas Heart Institute Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thij.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/thij\/49\/6\/article-e217633.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/thij\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.14503\/THIJ-21-7633\/3415011\/i1526-6702-49-6-e217633.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thij.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/thij\/49\/6\/article-e217633.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thij.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/thij\/49\/6\/article-e217633.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:01:33Z","timestamp":1745366493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thij.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/thij\/49\/6\/article-e217633.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14503\/thij-21-7633","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-6702","0730-2347"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-6702"},{"type":"print","value":"0730-2347"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}}}