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All participants were followed up for 16 weeks and assessed for changes in serum BDNF and MMP-9 levels.Results: Children with epilepsy had significantly lower BDNF and higher MMP-9 levels compared to healthy controls at baseline. Following 16 weeks of treatment with valproate, BDNF levels were increased significantly (p&lt;0.001), and MMP-9 levels decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: The findings suggest the involvement of BDNF and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Serum BDNF and MMP-9 levels were increased and decreased, respectively, following valproate treatment in children with epilepsy. Hence, BDNF and MMP-9 could be potential biomarkers in pediatric epilepsy. Large sample sizes and long-term studies are warranted to confirm the findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.25012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T06:46:37Z","timestamp":1765435597000},"page":"104-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14581\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Valproate on Serum BDNF and MMP-9 in Pediatric 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