{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:47:52Z","timestamp":1790412472005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":179,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":179,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["actamedica.lfhk.cuni.cz"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Purpose: In this review we present the status of the prevalence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and the main antibiotic resistance genes that are reported in infections acquired in intensive care units (ICU) around the world. Methods: A systematic review based on the PRISMA guide was carried out, from the Science Direct, Redalyc, Scopus, Hinari, Scielo, Dialnet, PLOS, ProQuest, Taylor, Lilacs and PubMed\/Medline databases. Inclusion criteria of this review were original research study published in a scientific journal in a 10-year time span from 1 January 2017 and 30 April 2022. Results: A total of 1686 studies were identified, but only 114 studies were considered eligible for inclusion.\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistant to carbapenems and producers of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) are the most frequently isolated pathogens in ICUs in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    OXA and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX were antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) most commonly reported in different geographic regions (in 30 and 28 studies, respectively). Moreover, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were reported in higher frequency in hospital-acquired infections. Reports of MDR strains vary between continents, with the majority of publications being in Asia and between countries, with Egypt and Iran being highlighted. There is a predominance of few bacterial clones with MDR phenotype, for example, clonal complex 5 Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CC5-MRSA) circulates frequently in hospitals in the United States, clone ST23-\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is reported in India and Iran, and clone ST260 carbapenemase-producing\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the United States and Estonia. Conclusion: Our systematic review reveals that ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the most problematic bacteria that are reported, mainly in tertiary hospitals in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. We have also found propagation of dominant clones with a high degree of MDR, becoming a problem due to its high capacity to cause morbidity, mortality and additional hospital costs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2023.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:05:41Z","timestamp":1688015141000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14712\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bacterial Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections Acquired in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.14712","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Walter Martinez","family":"Loaiza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anny Katheryne Rivera","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Camilo Ospina","family":"Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica Chavez","family":"Vivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5727","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"18059694.2023.8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2020.08.012","volume":"24","author":"Boszczowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brazilian J Infect Dis"},{"key":"18059694.2023.8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0221121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221121","volume":"14","author":"Sutherland","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"18059694.2023.8_3","first-page":"DC01-7","volume":"11","author":"Moolchandani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic 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