{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:50:43Z","timestamp":1791208243894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prague Med. Rep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of the study was to determine optimal methods for preparing platelet-rich plasma to maximise the yield of key growth factors, which is essential for standardising clinical applications in regenerative medicine. The study, conducted on 30 healthy volunteers, compared four centrifugation protocols for their effect on protein composition: method 1 (single centrifugation without gel), method 2 (single centrifugation with gel), method 3 (double centrifugation without gel), and method 4 (double centrifugation with gel), followed by activation with calcium gluconate and quantitative analysis. It was found that double centrifugation with a separating gel provided consistently high concentrations of transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (25.17\u201325.37 ng\/ml) without activation, exceeding the values obtained from single centrifugation by 2.4 times. In contrast, single centrifugation with a gel followed by activation resulted in peak concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (10.59 \u00b1 2.129 ng\/ml), which was 44% higher than those achieved with double centrifugation. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the methods (Student\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test, p&lt;0.05), and correlation analysis revealed an association between average platelet volume (&gt;10.5 fl) and increased yield of platelet-derived growth factor-AB by 22\u201325%. The findings demonstrate that the maximum bioavailability of TGF-\u03b21 is achieved with double centrifugation using gel, whereas plasma rich in growth factors is obtained by single centrifugation with gel combined with activation. The proposed optimisation enables targeted plasma preparation: double centrifugation with gel without activation for bone regeneration, and single centrifugation with gel with activation for angiogenic procedures, reducing costs by 20% and improving regenerative efficacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14712\/23362936.2026.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:50:31Z","timestamp":1791204631000},"page":"151-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of PDGF-AB and TGF-\u03b21 Proteins in Platelet-rich Plasma Obtained under Different Conditions"],"prefix":"10.14712","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikoleta","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5727","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"23362936.2026.22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100508","volume":"9","author":"Anitua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"23362936.2026.22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-023-00586-1","volume":"20","author":"Ashour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. 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