{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:13:53Z","timestamp":1759335233745},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, several middleware-based approaches have been proposed. If we implement all functionalities of database replication only in a middleware layer, we can avoid the high cost of modifying existing database servers or scratch-building. However, it is a big challenge to propose middleware which can enhance performance and scalability without modification of database servers because the restriction may cause extra overhead. Unfortunately, many existing middleware-based approaches suffer from several shortcomings, i.e., some cause a hidden deadlock, some provide only table-level locking, some rely on total order communication tools, and others need to modify existing database servers.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this paper, we propose Pangea, a new eager database replication middleware guaranteeing snapshot isolation that solves the drawbacks of existing middleware by exploiting the property of the\n            <jats:italic>first updater wins<\/jats:italic>\n            rule. We have implemented the prototype of Pangea on top of PostgreSQL servers without modification. An advantage of Pangea is that it uses less than 2000 lines of C code. Our experimental results with the TPC-W benchmark reveal that, compared to an existing middleware guaranteeing snapshot isolation without modification of database servers, Pangea provides better performance in terms of throughput and scalability.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/1687627.1687747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T12:17:57Z","timestamp":1403612277000},"page":"1066-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pangea"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Mishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Java TPC-W implementation distribution http:\/\/www.ece.wisc.edu\/pharm\/tpcw.shtml.  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