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Our annotations facilitate operations such as searching for tables and finding related tables.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To recover semantics of tables, we leverage a database of class labels and relationships automatically extracted from the Web. The database of classes and relationships has very wide coverage, but is also noisy. We attach a class label to a column if a sufficient number of the values in the column are identified with that label in the database of class labels, and analogously for binary relationships. We describe a formal model for reasoning about when we have seen sufficient evidence for a label, and show that it performs substantially better than a simple majority scheme. We describe a set of experiments that illustrate the utility of the recovered semantics for table search and show that it performs substantially better than previous approaches. In addition, we characterize what fraction of tables on the Web can be annotated using our approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/2002938.2002939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T12:17:57Z","timestamp":1403612277000},"page":"528-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Recovering semantics of tables on the web"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Petros","family":"Venetis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Halevy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayant","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Pa\u015fca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengxin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"2670","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Banko M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. 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In CIDR , 2009 . Z. G. Ives, C. A. Knoblock, S. Minton, M. Jacob, P. P. Talukdar, R. Tuchinda, J. L. Ambite, M. Muslea, and C. Gazen. Interactive Data Integration through Smart Copy & Paste. In CIDR, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"729","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Kushmerick N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"N. Kushmerick , D. Weld , and R. Doorenbos . Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction . In IJCAI , pp. 729 -- 737 , 1997 . N. Kushmerick, D. Weld, and R. Doorenbos. Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction. In IJCAI, pp. 729--737, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1338","volume-title":"Types and Relationships. In VLDB","author":"Limaye G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Limaye , S. Sarawagi , and S. Chakrabarti . Annotating and Searching Web Tables Using Entities , Types and Relationships. In VLDB , pp. 1338 -- 1347 , 2010 . G. Limaye, S. Sarawagi, and S. Chakrabarti. Annotating and Searching Web Tables Using Entities, Types and Relationships. 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