{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T05:29:02Z","timestamp":1768109342919,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In multi-version databases, updates and deletions of records by transactions require appending a new record to tables rather than performing in-place updates. This mechanism incurs non-negligible performance overhead in the presence of multiple indexes on a table, where changes need to be propagated to all indexes. Additionally, an uncommitted record update will block other active transactions from using the index to fetch the most recently committed values for the updated record. In general, in order to support snapshot isolation and\/or multi-version concurrency, either each active transaction is forced to search a database temporary area (e.g., roll-back segments) to fetch old values of desired records, or each transaction is forced to scan the entire table to find the older versions of the record in a multi-version database (in the absence of specialized temporal indexes).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this work, we describe a novel kV-Indirection structure to enable efficient (parallelizable) optimistic and pessimistic multi-version concurrency control by utilizing the old versions of records (at most two versions of each record) to provide direct access to the recent changes of records without the need of temporal indexes. As a result, our technique results in higher degree of concurrency by reducing the clashes between readers and writers of data and avoiding extended lock delays. We have a working prototype of our concurrency model and kV-Indirection structure in a commercial database and conducted an extensive evaluation to demonstrate the benefits of our multi-version concurrency control, and we obtained orders of magnitude speed up over the single-version concurrency control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/2733004.2733006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1431445072000},"page":"1331-1342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Reducing database locking contention through multi-version concurrency"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sadoghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Canim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bishwaranjan","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center and Columbia University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Postgresql: open source object-relational database system. http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/.  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The time index and the monotonic B+-tree. In Temporal Databases, pages 433--456. 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Database Systems: The Complete Book","author":"Garcia-Molina H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"H. Garcia-Molina , J. D. Ullman , and J. Widom . Database Systems: The Complete Book . Prentice Hall Press , Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2 edition, 2008 . H. Garcia-Molina, J. D. Ullman, and J. Widom. Database Systems: The Complete Book. Prentice Hall Press, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2 edition, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.224200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Controlling visibility in multi-version database systems","author":"Hinshaw F. D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"F. D. Hinshaw , C. S. Harris , and S. K. Sarin . Controlling visibility in multi-version database systems , 2007 . US 7305386 Patent, Netezza Corporation . F. D. Hinshaw, C. S. Harris, and S. K. Sarin. Controlling visibility in multi-version database systems, 2007. US 7305386 Patent, Netezza Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"DB2 10 for z\/OS. ftp:\/\/public.dhe.ibm.com\/software\/systemz\/whitepapers\/DB210_for_zOS_Upgrade_ebook.pdf.  DB2 10 for z\/OS. ftp:\/\/public.dhe.ibm.com\/software\/systemz\/whitepapers\/DB210_for_zOS_Upgrade_ebook.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1807167.1807233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1321440.1321574"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/1454159.1454211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2095686.2095689"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2013.6544834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1066157.1066295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/1453856.1453951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/130283.130306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Oracle database 11g workspace manager overview. http:\/\/www.oracle.com\/technetwork\/database\/twp-appdev-workspace-manager-11g-128289.pdf.  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