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This paper presents a new method to modularize the isolation component. Our work builds on predicate locking, an isolation mechanism that enables this modularization by locking logical rather than physical items in a database. Predicate locking is rarely used as the core isolation mechanism because of its high theoretical complexity and perceived overhead. However, we show that this overhead can be substantially reduced in practice by optimizing for common predicate structures.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We present DIBS, a transaction scheduler that employs our predicate locking optimizations to guarantee isolation as a modular service. We evaluate the performance of DIBS as the sole isolation mechanism in a data processing system. In this setting, DIBS scales up to 10.5 million transactions per second on a TATP workload. We also explore how DIBS can be applied to existing database systems to increase transaction throughput. DIBS reduces per-transaction file system writes by 90% on TATP in SQLite, resulting in a 3X improvement in throughput. 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