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However, existing solutions are highly inefficient on spatial queries due to excessive secure distance operations for query processing and their usage of general-purpose SMC libraries for secure operation implementation. In this paper, we propose Hu-Fu, the first system for efficient and secure spatial query processing on a data federation. The idea is to decompose the secure processing of a spatial query into as many plaintext operations and as few secure operations as possible, where fewer secure operators are involved and all secure operators are implemented dedicatedly. As a working system, Hu-Fu supports not only query input in native SQL, but also heterogeneous spatial databases (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, PostGIS, Simba, GeoMesa, and SpatialHadoop) at the backend. Extensive experiments show that Hu-Fu usually outperforms the state-of-the-arts in running time and communication cost while guaranteeing security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3514061.3514064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T22:26:10Z","timestamp":1655936770000},"page":"1159-1172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Hu-Fu"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuchen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yexuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunbo","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zimu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Acxiom. 2021. https:\/\/www.acxiom.com\/ Acxiom. 2021. https:\/\/www.acxiom.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2536222.2536227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"AMAP. 2021. https:\/\/www.amap.com AMAP. 2021. https:\/\/www.amap.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3055330.3055334"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3291264.3291274"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3407790.3407854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fattaneh Bayatbabolghani and Marina Blanton. 2018. 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