{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:49:09Z","timestamp":1789778949659,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a high-performance consensus protocol, Nezha, which can be deployed by cloud tenants without support from cloud providers. Nezha bridges the gap between protocols such as Multi-Paxos and Raft, which can be readily deployed, and protocols such as NOPaxos and Speculative Paxos, that provide better performance, but require access to technologies such as programmable switches and in-network prioritization, which cloud tenants do not have.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Nezha uses a new multicast primitive called deadline-ordered multicast (DOM). DOM uses high-accuracy software clock synchronization to synchronize sender and receiver clocks. Senders tag messages with deadlines in synchronized time; receivers process messages in deadline order, on or after their deadline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We compare Nezha with Multi-Paxos, Fast Paxos, Raft, (optimized) NOPaxos, and 2 recent protocols, Domino and TOQ-EPaxos, that use synchronized clocks. In throughput, Nezha outperforms all baselines by a median of 5.4X (range: 1.9--20.9X). In latency, Nezha outperforms five baselines by a median of 2.3X (range: 1.3--4.0X), with one exception: it sacrifices 33% of latency compared with our optimized NOPaxos in one test. We also prototype two applications, a key-value store and a fair-access stock exchange, on top of Nezha to show that Nezha only modestly reduces their performance relative to an unreplicated system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3574245.3574250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T18:14:12Z","timestamp":1677003252000},"page":"629-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nezha"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jinkun","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirudh","family":"Sivaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mendel","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Aguilera Marcos K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcos K. Aguilera , Naama Ben-David , Rachid Guerraoui , Virendra J. Marathe , Athanasios Xygkis , and Igor Zablotchi . 2020 . Microsecond Consensus for Microsecond Applications . In Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20) . USENIX Association, 599--616. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi20\/presentation\/aguilera Marcos K. Aguilera, Naama Ben-David, Rachid Guerraoui, Virendra J. Marathe, Athanasios Xygkis, and Igor Zablotchi. 2020. Microsecond Consensus for Microsecond Applications. In Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20). USENIX Association, 599--616. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi20\/presentation\/aguilera"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3319893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS.2012.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/234533.234549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448016.3452834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517349.2522712"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Ben Darnell. [n.d.]. Scaling Raft. https:\/\/www.cockroachlabs.com\/blog\/scaling-raft.  Ben Darnell. [n.d.]. Scaling Raft. https:\/\/www.cockroachlabs.com\/blog\/scaling-raft."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"etcd. [n.d.]. Benchmarking etcd v3. https:\/\/etcd.io\/docs\/v3.5\/benchmarks\/etcd-3-demo-benchmarks\/.  etcd. [n.d.]. Benchmarking etcd v3. https:\/\/etcd.io\/docs\/v3.5\/benchmarks\/etcd-3-demo-benchmarks\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Nezha: Deployable and High-Performance Consensus Using Synchronized Clocks [Technical Report]. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2206.03285","author":"Geng Jinkun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jinkun Geng , Anirudh Sivaraman , Balaji Prabhakar , and Mendel Rosenblum . 2022 . Nezha: Deployable and High-Performance Consensus Using Synchronized Clocks [Technical Report]. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2206.03285 Jinkun Geng, Anirudh Sivaraman, Balaji Prabhakar, and Mendel Rosenblum. 2022. Nezha: Deployable and High-Performance Consensus Using Synchronized Clocks [Technical Report]. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2206.03285"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3307441.3307449"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458336.3465278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191843.191886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/78969.78972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"From Sand to Flour: The Next Leap in Granular Computing with NanoSort. arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.12615","author":"Jepsen Theo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Theo Jepsen , Stephen Ibanez , Gregory Valiant , and Nick McKeown . 2022. From Sand to Flour: The Next Leap in Granular Computing with NanoSort. arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.12615 ( 2022 ). Theo Jepsen, Stephen Ibanez, Gregory Valiant, and Nick McKeown. 2022. From Sand to Flour: The Next Leap in Granular Computing with NanoSort. arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.12615 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)","author":"Jin Xin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xin Jin , Xiaozhou Li , Haoyu Zhang , Nate Foster , Jeongkeun Lee , Robert Soul\u00e9 , Changhoon Kim , and Ion Stoica . 2018 . NetChain: Scale-Free Sub-RTT Coordination . In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18) . Xin Jin, Xiaozhou Li, Haoyu Zhang, Nate Foster, Jeongkeun Lee, Robert Soul\u00e9, Changhoon Kim, and Ion Stoica. 2018. NetChain: Scale-Free Sub-RTT Coordination. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19)","author":"Kaffes Kostis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kostis Kaffes , Timothy Chong , Jack Tigar Humphries , Adam Belay , David Mazi\u00e8res , and Christos Kozyrakis . 2019 . Shinjuku: Preemptive Scheduling for microsecond-scale Tail Latency . In Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19) . USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 345--360. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi19\/presentation\/kaffes Kostis Kaffes, Timothy Chong, Jack Tigar Humphries, Adam Belay, David Mazi\u00e8res, and Christos Kozyrakis. 2019. Shinjuku: Preemptive Scheduling for microsecond-scale Tail Latency. In Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 345--360. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi19\/presentation\/kaffes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Wayne Kevin. [n.d.]. Longest Increasing Subsequence. https:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/courses\/archive\/spring13\/cos423\/lectures\/LongestIncreasingSubsequence.pdf.  Wayne Kevin. [n.d.]. Longest Increasing Subsequence. https:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/courses\/archive\/spring13\/cos423\/lectures\/LongestIncreasingSubsequence.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279227.279229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Distributed Computing 19 (October","author":"Lamport Leslie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport . 2006. Fast Paxos . Distributed Computing 19 (October 2006 ), 79--103. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/fast-paxos\/ Leslie Lamport. 2006. Fast Paxos. Distributed Computing 19 (October 2006), 79--103. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/fast-paxos\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Paxos made simple","volume":"32","author":"Leslie Lamport","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport et al. 2001 . Paxos made simple . ACM Sigact News 32 , 4 (2001), 18 -- 25 . Leslie Lamport et al. 2001. Paxos made simple. ACM Sigact News 32, 4 (2001), 18--25.","journal-title":"ACM Sigact News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Jialin Li Ellis Michael Naveen Kr. Sharma Adriana Szekeres and Dan R. K. Ports. [n.d.]. NOPaxos Code Repository. https:\/\/github.com\/UWSysLab\/NOPaxos.  Jialin Li Ellis Michael Naveen Kr. Sharma Adriana Szekeres and Dan R. K. Ports. [n.d.]. NOPaxos Code Repository. https:\/\/github.com\/UWSysLab\/NOPaxos."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'16)","author":"Li Jialin","unstructured":"Jialin Li , Ellis Michael , Naveen Kr. Sharma , Adriana Szekeres , and Dan R. K. Ports . 2016. Just Say No to Paxos Overhead: Replacing Consensus with Network Ordering . In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'16) . USENIX Association, USA. Jialin Li, Ellis Michael, Naveen Kr. Sharma, Adriana Szekeres, and Dan R. K. Ports. 2016. Just Say No to Paxos Overhead: Replacing Consensus with Network Ordering. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'16). USENIX Association, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/112600.112601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Barbara Liskov and James Cowling. 2012. Viewstamped replication revisited. (2012).  Barbara Liskov and James Cowling. 2012. Viewstamped replication revisited. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800222.806738"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(84)80033-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Mao Yanhua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yanhua Mao , Flavio P. Junqueira , and Keith Marzullo . 2008 . Mencius: Building Efficient Replicated State Machines for WANs . In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation ( San Diego, California) (OSDI'08). USENIX Association, USA, 369--384. Yanhua Mao, Flavio P. Junqueira, and Keith Marzullo. 2008. Mencius: Building Efficient Replicated State Machines for WANs. In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (San Diego, California) (OSDI'08). USENIX Association, USA, 369--384."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow.","author":"Michael Whittaker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whittaker Michael , Ailijiang Ailidani , Charapko Aleksey , Demirbas Murat , Giridharan Neil , Hellerstein Joseph , Howard Heidi , Stoica Ion , and Szekeres. Adriana. 2021 . Scaling Replicated State Machines with Compartmentalization . Proc. VLDB Endow. (2021), 12. Whittaker Michael, Ailijiang Ailidani, Charapko Aleksey, Demirbas Murat, Giridharan Neil, Hellerstein Joseph, Howard Heidi, Stoica Ion, and Szekeres. Adriana. 2021. Scaling Replicated State Machines with Compartmentalization. Proc. VLDB Endow. (2021), 12."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. [n.d.]. Global data distribution with Azure Cosmos DB-under the hood. https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/cosmos-db\/global-dist-under-the-hood.  Microsoft. [n.d.]. Global data distribution with Azure Cosmos DB-under the hood. https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/cosmos-db\/global-dist-under-the-hood."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. [n.d.]. NIC series. https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/virtual-machines\/nc-series.  Microsoft. [n.d.]. NIC series. https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/virtual-machines\/nc-series."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV). USENIX Association","author":"Jeffrey","unstructured":"Jeffrey C. Mogul and Ramana Rao Kompella. 2015. Inferring the Network Latency Requirements of Cloud Tenants . In Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV). USENIX Association , Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/hotos15\/workshop-program\/presentation\/mogul Jeffrey C. Mogul and Ramana Rao Kompella. 2015. Inferring the Network Latency Requirements of Cloud Tenants. In Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS XV). USENIX Association, Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/hotos15\/workshop-program\/presentation\/mogul"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517349.2517350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16)","author":"Mu Shuai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shuai Mu , Lamont Nelson , Wyatt Lloyd , and Jinyang Li . 2016 . Consolidating Concurrency Control and Consensus for Commits under Conflicts . In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16) . USENIX Association, Savannah, GA, 517--532. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/mu Shuai Mu, Lamont Nelson, Wyatt Lloyd, and Jinyang Li. 2016. Consolidating Concurrency Control and Consensus for Commits under Conflicts. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16). USENIX Association, Savannah, GA, 517--532. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/mu"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 14)","author":"Ongaro Diego","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diego Ongaro and John Ousterhout . 2014 . In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm . In Proceedings of the 2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 14) . USENIX Association, Philadelphia, PA, 305--319. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/atc14\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/ongaro Diego Ongaro and John Ousterhout. 2014. In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm. In Proceedings of the 2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 14). USENIX Association, Philadelphia, PA, 305--319. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/atc14\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/ongaro"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"John Ousterhout and Diego Ongaro. [n.d.]. Implementing Replicated Logs with Paxos. https:\/\/ongardie.net\/static\/raft\/userstudy\/paxos.pdf.  John Ousterhout and Diego Ongaro. [n.d.]. Implementing Replicated Logs with Paxos. https:\/\/ongardie.net\/static\/raft\/userstudy\/paxos.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3323234.3323240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"PingCap. [n.d.]. TiKV-Data Sharding. https:\/\/tikv.org\/deep-dive\/scalability\/data-sharding.  PingCap. [n.d.]. TiKV-Data Sharding. https:\/\/tikv.org\/deep-dive\/scalability\/data-sharding."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2789770.2789774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Redis Enterprise. [n.d.]. Redis. https:\/\/redis.io.  Redis Enterprise. [n.d.]. Redis. https:\/\/redis.io."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4153\/CJM-1961-015-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Replication Management Using the State-Machine Approach","author":"Schneider Fred B.","unstructured":"Fred B. Schneider . 1993. Replication Management Using the State-Machine Approach . ACM Press\/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. , USA , 169--197. Fred B. Schneider. 1993. Replication Management Using the State-Machine Approach. ACM Press\/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., USA, 169--197."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3519579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3386134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"EPaxos Revisited. In Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 21)","author":"Tollman Sarah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarah Tollman , Seo Jin Park , and John Ousterhout . 2021 . EPaxos Revisited. In Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 21) . USENIX Association, 613--632. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi21\/presentation\/tollman Sarah Tollman, Seo Jin Park, and John Ousterhout. 2021. EPaxos Revisited. In Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 21). USENIX Association, 613--632. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi21\/presentation\/tollman"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293611.3331595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Matchmaker paxos: A reconfigurable consensus protocol [technical report]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.09468","author":"Whittaker Michael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michael Whittaker , Neil Giridharan , Adriana Szekeres , Joseph M Hellerstein , Heidi Howard , Faisal Nawab , and Ion Stoica . 2020. Matchmaker paxos: A reconfigurable consensus protocol [technical report]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.09468 ( 2020 ). Michael Whittaker, Neil Giridharan, Adriana Szekeres, Joseph M Hellerstein, Heidi Howard, Faisal Nawab, and Ion Stoica. 2020. Matchmaker paxos: A reconfigurable consensus protocol [technical report]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.09468 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Bipartisan paxos: A modular state machine replication protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.00331","author":"Whittaker Michael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michael Whittaker , Neil Giridharan , Adriana Szekeres , Joseph M Hellerstein , and Ion Stoica . 2020. Bipartisan paxos: A modular state machine replication protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.00331 ( 2020 ). Michael Whittaker, Neil Giridharan, Adriana Szekeres, Joseph M Hellerstein, and Ion Stoica. 2020. Bipartisan paxos: A modular state machine replication protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.00331 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13)","author":"Xu Yunjing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yunjing Xu , Zachary Musgrave , Brian Noble , and Michael Bailey . 2013 . Bobtail: Avoiding Long Tails in the Cloud . In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13) . USENIX Association, Lombard, IL, 329--341. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/xu_yunjing Yunjing Xu, Zachary Musgrave, Brian Noble, and Michael Bailey. 2013. Bobtail: Avoiding Long Tails in the Cloud. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13). USENIX Association, Lombard, IL, 329--341. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi13\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/xu_yunjing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Yahoo! [n.d.]. YCSB Workload. https:\/\/github.com\/brianfrankcooper\/YCSB\/tree\/master\/workloads.  Yahoo! [n.d.]. YCSB Workload. https:\/\/github.com\/brianfrankcooper\/YCSB\/tree\/master\/workloads."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386367.3431291"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.14778\/3574245.3574250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T18:19:00Z","timestamp":1677003540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.14778\/3574245.3574250"}},"subtitle":["Deployable and High-Performance Consensus Using Synchronized Clocks"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14778\/3574245.3574250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3574245.3574250","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-8097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-8097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}