{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:40:30Z","timestamp":1774950030556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Verifiable ledger databases protect data history against malicious tampering. Existing systems, such as blockchains and certificate transparency, are based on transparency logs --- a simple abstraction allowing users to verify that a log maintained by an untrusted server is append-only. They expose a simple key-value interface without transactions. Building a practical database from transparency logs, on the other hand, remains a challenge.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this paper, we explore the design space of verifiable ledger databases along three dimensions: abstraction, threat model, and performance. We survey existing systems and identify their two limitations, namely, the lack of transaction support and the inferior efficiency. We then present GlassDB, a distributed database system that addresses these limitations under a practical threat model. GlassDB inherits the verifiability of transparency logs, but supports transactions and offers high performance. It extends a ledgerlike key-value store with a data structure for efficient proofs, and adds a concurrency control mechanism for transactions. GlassDB batches independent operations from concurrent transactions when updating the core data structures. In addition, we design a new benchmark for evaluating verifiable ledger databases, by extending YCSB and TPC-C benchmarks. Using this benchmark, we compare GlassDB against four baselines: reimplemented versions of three verifiable databases, and a verifiable map backed by a transparency log. Experimental results demonstrate that GlassDB is an efficient, transactional, and verifiable ledger database system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3583140.3583152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T16:45:59Z","timestamp":1682009159000},"page":"1359-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["GlassDB: An Efficient Verifiable Ledger Database System Through Transparency"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cong","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}]},{"given":"Tien Tuan Anh","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}]},{"given":"Zhongle","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}]},{"given":"Meihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}]},{"given":"Beng Chin","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}]},{"given":"Xiaokui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Veritas: Shared Verifiable Databases and Tables in the Cloud. In CIDR. 1--9.","author":"Lindsey Allen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindsey Allen et al. 2019 . Veritas: Shared Verifiable Databases and Tables in the Cloud. In CIDR. 1--9. Lindsey Allen et al. 2019. Veritas: Shared Verifiable Databases and Tables in the Cloud. In CIDR. 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Amazon. 2019. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database. https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/qldb\/ Amazon. 2019. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database. https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/qldb\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, et al.","author":"Androulaki Elli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elli Androulaki , Artem Barger , Vita Bortnikov , Christian Cachin , Konstantinos Christidis , Angelo De Caro , David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, et al. 2018 . Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In EuroSys . 1--15. Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, Vita Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, et al. 2018. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In EuroSys. 1--15."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Reilly Wong, Jason Anderson, and Jakub Szymaszek.","author":"Antonopoulos Panagiotis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panagiotis Antonopoulos , Raghav Kaushik , Hanuma Kodavalla , Sergio Rosales Aceves , Reilly Wong, Jason Anderson, and Jakub Szymaszek. 2021 . SQL Ledger: Cryptographically Verifiable Data in Azure SQL Database. In SIGMOD. 2437--2449. Panagiotis Antonopoulos, Raghav Kaushik, Hanuma Kodavalla, Sergio Rosales Aceves, Reilly Wong, Jason Anderson, and Jakub Szymaszek. 2021. SQL Ledger: Cryptographically Verifiable Data in Azure SQL Database. In SIGMOD. 2437--2449."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Concerto: A High Concurrency Key-Value Store with Integrity. In SIGMOD. 251--266.","author":"Arasu Arvind","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arvind Arasu , Ken Eguro , Raghav Kaushik , Donald Kossmann , Pingfan Meng , Vineet Pandey , and Ravi Ramamurthy . 2017 . Concerto: A High Concurrency Key-Value Store with Integrity. In SIGMOD. 251--266. Arvind Arasu, Ken Eguro, Raghav Kaushik, Donald Kossmann, Pingfan Meng, Vineet Pandey, and Ravi Ramamurthy. 2017. Concerto: A High Concurrency Key-Value Store with Integrity. In SIGMOD. 251--266."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"FORESHADOW: Extracting the Keys to the Intel SGX Kingdom with Transient Out-of-Order Execution. In USENIX Security.","author":"Bulck Jo Van","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo Van Bulck , Marina Minkin , Ofir Weisse , Daniel Genkin , Baris Kasikci , Frank Piessens , Mark Silberstein , Thomas F. Wenisch , Yuval Yarom , and Raoul Strackx . 2018 . FORESHADOW: Extracting the Keys to the Intel SGX Kingdom with Transient Out-of-Order Execution. In USENIX Security. Jo Van Bulck, Marina Minkin, Ofir Weisse, Daniel Genkin, Baris Kasikci, Frank Piessens, Mark Silberstein, Thomas F. Wenisch, Yuval Yarom, and Raoul Strackx. 2018. FORESHADOW: Extracting the Keys to the Intel SGX Kingdom with Transient Out-of-Order Execution. In USENIX Security."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. 1999. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. In OSDI. Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. 1999. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. In OSDI."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Gruber","author":"Chang Fay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fay Chang , Jeffrey Dean , Sanjay Ghemawat , Wilson C. Hsieh , Deborah A. Wallach , Mike Burrows , Tushar Chandra , Andrew Fikes , and Robert E . Gruber . 2006 . Bigtable: a distributed storage system for structured data. In OSDI. 205--218. Fay Chang, Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Wilson C. Hsieh, Deborah A. Wallach, Mike Burrows, Tushar Chandra, Andrew Fikes, and Robert E. Gruber. 2006. Bigtable: a distributed storage system for structured data. In OSDI. 205--218."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts. In Euro S&P. 185--200.","author":"Cheng Raymond","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raymond Cheng , Fan Zhang , Jernej Kos , Warren He , Nicholas Hynes , Noah Johnson , Ari Juels , Andrew Mille , and Dawn Song . 2019 . Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts. In Euro S&P. 185--200. Raymond Cheng, Fan Zhang, Jernej Kos, Warren He, Nicholas Hynes, Noah Johnson, Ari Juels, Andrew Mille, and Dawn Song. 2019. Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts. In Euro S&P. 185--200."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"ConsenSys. 2020. ConsenSys\/quorum: A permissioned implementation of Ethereum supporting data privacy. https:\/\/github.com\/ConsenSys\/quorum ConsenSys. 2020. ConsenSys\/quorum: A permissioned implementation of Ethereum supporting data privacy. https:\/\/github.com\/ConsenSys\/quorum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Wallach","author":"Crosby Scott A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott A. Crosby and Dan S . Wallach . 2009 . Efficient Data Structures for Tamper-Evident Logging. In USENIX Security . 317--334. Scott A. Crosby and Dan S. Wallach. 2009. Efficient Data Structures for Tamper-Evident Logging. In USENIX Security. 317--334."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Sudipto Das Divyakant Agrawal and Amr El Abbadi. 2010. G-Store: a scalable data store for transactional multi key access in the cloud. In SoCC. 163--174. Sudipto Das Divyakant Agrawal and Amr El Abbadi. 2010. G-Store: a scalable data store for transactional multi key access in the cloud. In SoCC. 163--174."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Beng Chin Ooi, and Kian-Lee Tan","author":"Anh Dinh Tien Tuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Ji Wang , Gang Chen , Rui Liu , Beng Chin Ooi, and Kian-Lee Tan . 2017 . BLOCKBENCH : A Framework for Analyzing Private Blockchains. In SIGMOD. Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, Ji Wang, Gang Chen, Rui Liu, Beng Chin Ooi, and Kian-Lee Tan. 2017. BLOCKBENCH: A Framework for Analyzing Private Blockchains. In SIGMOD."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"ObliDB: Oblivious Query Processing for Secure Databases","volume":"13","author":"Eskandarian Saba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saba Eskandarian and Matei Zaharia . 2019 . ObliDB: Oblivious Query Processing for Secure Databases . VLDB 13 , 2 (2019), 169 -- 183 . Saba Eskandarian and Matei Zaharia. 2019. ObliDB: Oblivious Query Processing for Secure Databases. VLDB 13, 2 (2019), 169--183.","journal-title":"VLDB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Google. 2020. Certificate Transparency. https:\/\/www.certificate-transparency.org\/. Google. 2020. Certificate Transparency. https:\/\/www.certificate-transparency.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Google. 2020. Trillian: general transparency. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/trillian. Google. 2020. Trillian: general transparency. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/trillian."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132863.1132867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Suyash Gupta and Mohammad Sadoghi. 2018. EasyCommit: A Non-blocking Two-phase Commit Protocol. In EDBT. 157--168. Suyash Gupta and Mohammad Sadoghi. 2018. EasyCommit: A Non-blocking Two-phase Commit Protocol. In EDBT. 157--168."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Seung Jin Yang, and Reluca Ada Popa","author":"Hu Yuncong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuncong Hu , Kian Hooshmand , Harika Kalidhindi , Seung Jin Yang, and Reluca Ada Popa . 2021 . Mekle2 : a low-latency transparency log system. In SP. 285--303. Yuncong Hu, Kian Hooshmand, Harika Kalidhindi, Seung Jin Yang, and Reluca Ada Popa. 2021. Mekle2 : a low-latency transparency log system. In SP. 285--303."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evan P. C. Jones Daniel J. Abadi and Samuel Madden. 2010. Low overhead concurrency control for partitioned main memory databases. In SIGMOD. 603--614. Evan P. C. Jones Daniel J. Abadi and Samuel Madden. 2010. Low overhead concurrency control for partitioned main memory databases. In SIGMOD. 603--614.","DOI":"10.1145\/1807167.1807233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feifei Li Marios Hadjieleftheriou George Kollios and Leonid Reyzin. 2006. Dynamic authenticated index structures for outsourced databases. In SIGMOD. 121--132. Feifei Li Marios Hadjieleftheriou George Kollios and Leonid Reyzin. 2006. Dynamic authenticated index structures for outsourced databases. In SIGMOD. 121--132.","DOI":"10.1145\/1142473.1142488"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Jinyuan Li Maxwell Krohn David Mazieres and Dennis Shasha. 2004. Secure Untrusted Data Repository (SUNDR). In OSDI. 121--136. Jinyuan Li Maxwell Krohn David Mazieres and Dennis Shasha. 2004. Secure Untrusted Data Repository (SUNDR). In OSDI. 121--136."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Enabling strong database integrity using trusted execution environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01618","author":"Mast Kai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kai Mast , Lequn Chen , and Emin G\u00fcn Sirer . 2018. Enabling strong database integrity using trusted execution environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01618 ( 2018 ). Kai Mast, Lequn Chen, and Emin G\u00fcn Sirer. 2018. Enabling strong database integrity using trusted execution environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01618 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Freedman","author":"Melara Marcela S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcela S. Melara , Aaron Blankstein , Joseph Bonneau , Edward W. Felten , and Michael J . Freedman . 2015 . CONIKS : Bringing Key Transparency to End Users. In Usenix Security . 383--398. Marcela S. Melara, Aaron Blankstein, Joseph Bonneau, Edward W. Felten, and Michael J. Freedman. 2015. CONIKS: Bringing Key Transparency to End Users. In Usenix Security. 383--398."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Neha Narula Willy Vasquez and Madars Virza. 2018. zkLedger: Privacy-Preserving Auditing for Distributed Ledgers. In NSDI. 65--80. Neha Narula Willy Vasquez and Madars Virza. 2018. zkLedger: Privacy-Preserving Auditing for Distributed Ledgers. In NSDI. 65--80."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Daniel Peng and Frank Dabek. 2010. Large-scale Incremental Processing Using Distributed Transactions and Notifications. In OSDI. 251--264. Daniel Peng and Frank Dabek. 2010. Large-scale Incremental Processing Using Distributed Transactions and Notifications. In OSDI. 251--264."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanqing Peng Min Du Feifei Li Raymond Cheng and Dawn Song. 2020. FalconDB: Blockchain-based Collaborative Database. In SIGMOD. 637--652. Yanqing Peng Min Du Feifei Li Raymond Cheng and Dawn Song. 2020. FalconDB: Blockchain-based Collaborative Database. In SIGMOD. 637--652.","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3380594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption","volume":"12","author":"Poddar Rishabh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rishabh Poddar , Tobias Boelter , and Raluca Ada Popa . 2019 . Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption . VLDB 12 , 11 (2019), 1664 -- 1678 . Rishabh Poddar, Tobias Boelter, and Raluca Ada Popa. 2019. Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption. VLDB 12, 11 (2019), 1664--1678.","journal-title":"VLDB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian Priebe Kapil Vaswani and Manuel Costa. 2018. EnclaveDB: A Secure Database using SGX. In SP. 264--278. Christian Priebe Kapil Vaswani and Manuel Costa. 2018. EnclaveDB: A Secure Database using SGX. In SP. 264--278.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, and Jianying Zhou","author":"Reijsbergen Dani\u00ebl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dani\u00ebl Reijsbergen , Aung Maw , Zheng Yang , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, and Jianying Zhou . 2023 . TAP : Transparent and Privacy-Preserving Data Services. In USENIX Security . Dani\u00ebl Reijsbergen, Aung Maw, Zheng Yang, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, and Jianying Zhou. 2023. TAP: Transparent and Privacy-Preserving Data Services. In USENIX Security."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"975","article-title":"Fine-Grained, Secure and Efficient Data Provenance on Blockchain Systems","volume":"12","author":"Ruan Pingcheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pingcheng Ruan , Gang Chen , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Qian Lin , Beng Chin Ooi , and Meihui Zhang . 2019 . Fine-Grained, Secure and Efficient Data Provenance on Blockchain Systems . VLDB 12 , 9 (2019), 975 -- 988 . Pingcheng Ruan, Gang Chen, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, Qian Lin, Beng Chin Ooi, and Meihui Zhang. 2019. Fine-Grained, Secure and Efficient Data Provenance on Blockchain Systems. VLDB 12, 9 (2019), 975--988.","journal-title":"VLDB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Dumitrel Loghin, Meihui Zhang, and Gang Chen.","author":"Ruan Pingcheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pingcheng Ruan , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Dumitrel Loghin, Meihui Zhang, and Gang Chen. 2023 . Blockchains : Decentralized and Verifiable Data Systems. Springer Nature . Pingcheng Ruan, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, Dumitrel Loghin, Meihui Zhang, and Gang Chen. 2023. Blockchains: Decentralized and Verifiable Data Systems. Springer Nature."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Ryan. 2014. Enhanced certificate transparency and end-to-end encrypted mail. In NDSS. Mark Ryan. 2014. Enhanced certificate transparency and end-to-end encrypted mail. In NDSS.","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2014.23379"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"VeritasDB: High Throughput Key-Value Store with Integrity. IACR 2018","author":"Sinha Rohit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rohit Sinha and Mihai Christodorescu . 2018 . VeritasDB: High Throughput Key-Value Store with Integrity. IACR 2018 (2018), 251. Rohit Sinha and Mihai Christodorescu. 2018. VeritasDB: High Throughput Key-Value Store with Integrity. IACR 2018 (2018), 251."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1137","article-title":"ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications","volume":"11","author":"Wang Sheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheng Wang , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Qian Lin , Zhongle Xie , Meihui Zhang , Qingchao Cai , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , and Pingcheng Ruan . 2018 . ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications . VLDB 11 , 10 (2018), 1137 -- 1150 . Sheng Wang, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, Qian Lin, Zhongle Xie, Meihui Zhang, Qingchao Cai, Gang Chen, Beng Chin Ooi, and Pingcheng Ruan. 2018. ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications. VLDB 11, 10 (2018), 1137--1150.","journal-title":"VLDB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151","author":"Gavin Wood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gavin Wood et al. 2014 . Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151 , 2014 (2014), 1--32. Gavin Wood et al. 2014. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper 151, 2014 (2014), 1--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Cheng Xu Ce Zhang and Jianliang Xu. 2019. vChain: Enabling Verifiable Boolean Range Queries over Blockchain Databases. In SIGMOD. 141--158. Cheng Xu Ce Zhang and Jianliang Xu. 2019. vChain: Enabling Verifiable Boolean Range Queries over Blockchain Databases. In SIGMOD. 141--158."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"3138","article-title":"LedgerDB: A Centralized Ledger Database for Universal Audit and Verification","volume":"13","author":"Yang Xinying","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xinying Yang , Yuan Zhang , Sheng Wang , Benquan Yu , Feifei Li , Yize Li , and Wenyuan Yan . 2020 . LedgerDB: A Centralized Ledger Database for Universal Audit and Verification . VLDB 13 , 12 (2020), 3138 -- 3151 . Xinying Yang, Yuan Zhang, Sheng Wang, Benquan Yu, Feifei Li, Yize Li, and Wenyuan Yan. 2020. LedgerDB: A Centralized Ledger Database for Universal Audit and Verification. VLDB 13, 12 (2020), 3138--3151.","journal-title":"VLDB"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2207.00944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Sheng Wang, and Xiaokui Xiao.","author":"Yue Cong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cong Yue , Zhongle Xie , Meihui Zhang , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Sheng Wang, and Xiaokui Xiao. 2020 . Analysis of Indexing Structures for Immutable Data. In SIGMOD. 925--935. Cong Yue, Zhongle Xie, Meihui Zhang, Gang Chen, Beng Chin Ooi, Sheng Wang, and Xiaokui Xiao. 2020. Analysis of Indexing Structures for Immutable Data. In SIGMOD. 925--935."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3415478.3415567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yupeng Zhang Daniel Genkin Jonathan Katz Dimitrios Papadopoulos and Charalampos Papamanthou. 2017. vSQL: Verifying Arbitrary SQL Queries over Dynamic Outsourced Databases. In SP. 863--880. Yupeng Zhang Daniel Genkin Jonathan Katz Dimitrios Papadopoulos and Charalampos Papamanthou. 2017. vSQL: Verifying Arbitrary SQL Queries over Dynamic Outsourced Databases. In SP. 863--880.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yupeng Zhang Jonathan Katz and Charalampos Papamanthou. 2015. IntegriDB: Verifiable SQL for Outsourced Databases. In CCS. 1480--1491. Yupeng Zhang Jonathan Katz and Charalampos Papamanthou. 2015. IntegriDB: Verifiable SQL for Outsourced Databases. In CCS. 1480--1491.","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica.","author":"Zheng Wenting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wenting Zheng , Ankur Dave , Jethro G. Beekman , Raluca Ada Popa , Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica. 2017 . Opaque : An Oblivious and Encrypted Distributed Analytics Platform. In NSDI. 283--298. Wenting Zheng, Ankur Dave, Jethro G. Beekman, Raluca Ada Popa, Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica. 2017. Opaque: An Oblivious and Encrypted Distributed Analytics Platform. In NSDI. 283--298."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenchao Zhou Yifan Cai Yanqing Peng Sheng Wang Ke Ma and Feifei Li. 2021. VeriDB: An SGX-based Verifiable Database. In SIGMOD. 2182--2194. Wenchao Zhou Yifan Cai Yanqing Peng Sheng Wang Ke Ma and Feifei Li. 2021. VeriDB: An SGX-based Verifiable Database. In SIGMOD. 2182--2194.","DOI":"10.1145\/3448016.3457308"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.14778\/3583140.3583152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T22:24:52Z","timestamp":1729290292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.14778\/3583140.3583152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14778\/3583140.3583152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3583140.3583152","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-8097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-8097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}