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In particular, from all attributes in the database, the data-encoder module obtains organic and learnable aggregations which implicitly represent correlations among the attributes, whereas the query-analyzer module builds a bridge between the query featurizations and the data aggregations to predict the query's cardinality. We experimentally evaluate ALECE on multiple dynamic workloads. The results show that ALECE enables PostgreSQL's optimizer to achieve nearly optimal performance, clearly outperforming its built-in cardinality estimator and other alternatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3626292.3626302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T23:24:55Z","timestamp":1702337095000},"page":"197-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, China"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, China"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, China"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, China"}]},{"given":"Jingren","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alibaba Group, China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roskilde University, Denmark"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/github.com\/pfl-cs\/ALECE. https:\/\/github.com\/pfl-cs\/ALECE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/relational.fit.cvut.cz\/dataset\/Stats. https:\/\/relational.fit.cvut.cz\/dataset\/Stats."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/homepages.cwi.nl\/~boncz\/job\/imdb.tgz. http:\/\/homepages.cwi.nl\/~boncz\/job\/imdb.tgz."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.tpc.org\/tpc_documents_current_versions\/current_specifications5.asp. https:\/\/www.tpc.org\/tpc_documents_current_versions\/current_specifications5.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Jamie Ryan Kiros, and Geoffrey E. 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