{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T05:22:11Z","timestamp":1768108931269,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            This paper articulates our vision for a learning-based untrustworthy distributed database. We focus on permissioned blockchain systems as an emerging instance of untrustworthy distributed databases and argue that as novel smart contracts, modern hardware, and new cloud platforms arise, future-proof permissioned blockchain systems need to be designed with\n            <jats:italic>full-stack adaptivity<\/jats:italic>\n            in mind. At the application level, a future-proof system must adaptively learn the best-performing transaction processing paradigm and quickly adapt to new hardware and unanticipated workload changes on the fly. Likewise, the Byzantine consensus layer must dynamically adjust itself to the workloads, faulty conditions, and network configuration while maintaining compatibility with the transaction processing paradigm. At the infrastructure level, cloud providers must enable cross-layer adaptation, which identifies performance bottlenecks and possible attacks, and determines at runtime the degree of resource disaggregation that best meets application requirements. Within this vision of the future, our paper outlines several research challenges together with some preliminary approaches.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3641204.3641216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T22:05:43Z","timestamp":1714687543000},"page":"1073-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards Full Stack Adaptivity in Permissioned Blockchains"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chenyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhavana","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boon Thau","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. AWS. Amazon quantum ledger database (QLDB). https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/qldb\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Blockchain on AWS Enterprise blockchain made real. https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/blockchain\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. IBM Blockchain Platform. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cloud\/blockchain-platform."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Oracle Blockchain. https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/blockchain\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1145\/1095809.1095817","article-title":"Fault-scalable Byzantine fault-tolerant services","volume":"39","author":"Abd-El-Malek Michael","year":"2005","unstructured":"Michael Abd-El-Malek, Gregory R Ganger, Garth R Goodson, Michael K Reiter, and Jay J Wylie. 2005. Fault-scalable Byzantine fault-tolerant services. Operating Systems Review (OSR) 39, 5 (2005), 59--74.","journal-title":"Operating Systems Review (OSR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2010.70","article-title":"Prime: Byzantine replication under attack","volume":"8","author":"Amir Yair","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yair Amir, Brian Coan, Jonathan Kirsch, and John Lane. 2011. Prime: Byzantine replication under attack. Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 8, 4 (2011), 564--577.","journal-title":"Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Par-Blockchain: Leveraging Transaction Parallelism in Permissioned Blockchain Systems. In Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 1337--1347","author":"Amiri Mohammad Javad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammad Javad Amiri, Divyakant Agrawal, and Amr El Abbadi. 2019. Par-Blockchain: Leveraging Transaction Parallelism in Permissioned Blockchain Systems. In Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 1337--1347."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of The Web Conf. (WWW). 1891--1903","author":"Amiri Mohammad Javad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammad Javad Amiri, Joris Dugu\u00e9p\u00e9roux, Tristan Allard, Divyakant Agrawal, and Amr El Abbadi. 2021. SEPAR: Towards Regulating Future of Work Multi-Platform Crowdworking Environments with Privacy Guarantees. In Proceedings of The Web Conf. (WWW). 1891--1903."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.14778\/3551793.3551835","article-title":"Qanaat: A Scalable Multi-Enterprise Permissioned Blockchain System with Confidentiality Guarantees","volume":"15","author":"Amiri Mohammad Javad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohammad Javad Amiri, Boon Thau Loo, Divyakant Agrawal, and Amr El Abbadi. 2022. Qanaat: A Scalable Multi-Enterprise Permissioned Blockchain System with Confidentiality Guarantees. Proc. of the VLDB Endowment 15, 11 (2022), 2839--2852.","journal-title":"Proc. of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The Bedrock of Byzantine Fault Tolerance: A Unified Platform for BFT Protocol Design and Implementation. In Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). USENIX Association.","author":"Amiri Mohammad Javad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammad Javad Amiri, Chenyuan Wu, Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi, Boon Thau Loo, and Mohammad Sadoghi. 2024. The Bedrock of Byzantine Fault Tolerance: A Unified Platform for BFT Protocol Design and Implementation. In Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM, 30:1--30:15","author":"Androulaki Elli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, Vita Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, and Yacov Manevich. 2018. Hyperledger Fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM, 30:1--30:15."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kai Arulkumaran Marc Peter Deisenroth Miles Brundage and Anil Anthony Bharath. [n. d.]. A Brief Survey of Deep Reinforcement Learning. 34 6 ([n. d.]) 26--38. arXiv:1708.05866 10.1109\/MSP.2017.2743240","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2743240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The next 700 BFT protocols","volume":"32","author":"Aublin Pierre-Louis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pierre-Louis Aublin, Rachid Guerraoui, Nikola Kne\u017eevi\u0107, Vivien Qu\u00e9ma, and Marko Vukoli\u0107. 2015. The next 700 BFT protocols. Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) 32, 4 (2015), 12.","journal-title":"Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Making BFT Protocols Really Adaptive. In 2015 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (2015-05)","author":"Bahsoun Jean-Paul","year":"2075","unstructured":"Jean-Paul Bahsoun, Rachid Guerraoui, and Ali Shoker. [n. d.]. Making BFT Protocols Really Adaptive. In 2015 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (2015-05) (IPDPS '15). 904--913. ISSN: 1530-2075. 10.1109\/IPDPS.2015.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Int. Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IEEE, 904--913","author":"Bahsoun Jean-Paul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jean-Paul Bahsoun, Rachid Guerraoui, and Ali Shoker. 2015. Making BFT protocols really adaptive. In Int. Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IEEE, 904--913."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik.","author":"Bano Shehar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shehar Bano, Alberto Sonnino, Andrey Chursin, Dmitri Perelman, Zekun Li, Avery Ching, and Dahlia Malkhi. 2022. Twins: Bft systems made robust. In Int. Conf. on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Parallel Computing Technologies","author":"Brasileiro F.","unstructured":"F. Brasileiro, F. Greve, A. Most\u00e9faoui, and M. Raynal. 2001. Consensus in one communication step. In Int. Conf. on Parallel Computing Technologies (PaCT). Springer, 42--50."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Annual Technical Conf. (ATC). USENIX Association, 49--60","author":"Bronson Nathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nathan Bronson, Zach Amsden, George Cabrera, Prasad Chakka, Peter Dimov, Hui Ding, Jack Ferris, Anthony Giardullo, Sachin Kulkarni, and Harry Li. 2013. TAO: Facebook's Distributed Data Store for the Social Graph. In Annual Technical Conf. (ATC). USENIX Association, 49--60."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Lucien Bruggeman and Sasha Pezenik. 2022. Emergent BioSolutions discarded ingredients for 400 million COVID-19 vaccines probe finds. https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/emergent-biosolutions-discarded-ingredients-400-million-covid-19\/story?id=84604285."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 173--186","author":"Castro Miguel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. 1999. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance. In Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 173--186."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages (2020)","author":"Cen Lujing","unstructured":"Lujing Cen, Ryan Marcus, Hongzi Mao, Justin Gottschlich, Mohammad Alizadeh, and Tim Kraska. [n. d.]. Learned Garbage Collection. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages (2020) (MAPL @ PLDI '20). ACM. 10.1145\/3394450.3397469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 221--234","author":"Chacko Jeeta Ann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeeta Ann Chacko, Ruben Mayer, and Hans-Arno Jacobsen. 2021. Why Do My Blockchain Transactions Fail? A Study of Hyperledger Fabric. In SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 221--234."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Pacific Rim Int. Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC). 287--295","author":"Charron-Bost Bernadette","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernadette Charron-Bost and Andr\u00e9 Schiper. 2006. Improving fast paxos: being optimistic with no overhead. In Pacific Rim Int. Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC). 287--295."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)","volume":"9","author":"Clement Allen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen Clement, Edmund L Wong, Lorenzo Alvisi, Michael Dahlin, and Mirco Marchetti. 2009. Making Byzantine Fault Tolerant Systems Tolerate Byzantine Faults.. In Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), Vol. 9. USENIX Association, 153--168."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR, 1310--1320","author":"Cohen Jeremy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeremy Cohen, Elan Rosenfeld, and Zico Kolter. 2019. Certified adversarial robustness via randomized smoothing. In Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR, 1310--1320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Spanner: Google's globally distributed database","volume":"31","author":"Corbett James C","year":"2013","unstructured":"James C Corbett, Jeffrey Dean, Michael Epstein, Andrew Fikes, Christopher Frost, Jeffrey John Furman, Sanjay Ghemawat, Andrey Gubarev, Christopher Heiser, and Peter Hochschild. 2013. Spanner: Google's globally distributed database. Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) 31, 3 (2013), 8.","journal-title":"Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"CortexFoundation. 2020. Cortex Overview. https:\/\/github.com\/CortexFoundation\/tech-doc\/blob\/master\/cortex-details.md."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Sam Daley. 2021. 18 Blockchain-as-a-Service Companies Making the DLT More Accessible. https:\/\/builtin.com\/blockchain\/blockchain-as-a-service-companies."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1145\/1323293.1294281","article-title":"Dynamo: Amazon's highly available key-value store","volume":"41","author":"DeCandia Giuseppe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giuseppe DeCandia, Deniz Hastorun, Madan Jampani, Gunavardhan Kakulapati, Avinash Lakshman, Alex Pilchin, Swaminathan Sivasubramanian, Peter Vosshall, and Werner Vogels. 2007. Dynamo: Amazon's highly available key-value store. Operating Systems Review (OSR) 41, 6 (2007), 205--220.","journal-title":"Operating Systems Review (OSR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 1085--1100","author":"Anh Dinh Tien Tuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tien Tuan Anh Dinh, Ji Wang, Gang Chen, Rui Liu, Beng Chin Ooi, and Kian-Lee Tan. 2017. Blockbench: A framework for analyzing private blockchains. In SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 1085--1100."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2015.2495213","article-title":"Resource-efficient Byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"65","author":"Distler Tobias","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tobias Distler, Christian Cachin, and R\u00fcdiger Kapitza. 2016. Resource-efficient Byzantine fault tolerance. Transactions on Computers 65, 9 (2016), 2807--2819.","journal-title":"Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.021.1900614","article-title":"Countermeasure based on smart contracts and AI against DoS\/DDoS attack in 5G circumstances","volume":"34","author":"Fang Liming","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liming Fang, Bo Zhao, Yang Li, Zhe Liu, Chunpeng Ge, and Weizhi Meng. 2020. Countermeasure based on smart contracts and AI against DoS\/DDoS attack in 5G circumstances. IEEE Network 34, 6 (2020), 54--61.","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 249--264","author":"Gao Peter X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peter X Gao, Akshay Narayan, Sagar Karandikar, Joao Carreira, Sangjin Han, Rachit Agarwal, Sylvia Ratnasamy, and Scott Shenker. 2016. Network requirements for resource disaggregation. In symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 249--264."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.14778\/3510397.3510406","article-title":"Hybrid blockchain database systems: design and performance","volume":"15","author":"Ge Zerui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zerui Ge, Dumitrel Loghin, Beng Chin Ooi, Pingcheng Ruan, and Tianwen Wang. 2022. Hybrid blockchain database systems: design and performance. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, 5 (2022), 1092--1104.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 1--9.","author":"Gorenflo Christian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Christian Gorenflo, Lukasz Golab, and Srinivasan Keshav. 2020. XOX Fabric: A hybrid approach to transaction execution. In Int. Conf. on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3211346","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages","author":"Gottschlich Justin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Justin Gottschlich, Armando Solar-Lezama, Nesime Tatbul, Michael Carbin, Martin Rinard, Regina Barzilay, Saman Amarasinghe, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Tim Mattson. [n. d.]. The three pillars of machine programming. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages (Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2018-06-18) (MAPL 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, 69--80. 10.1145\/3211346.3211355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Diablo: A Benchmark Suite for Blockchains. In European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM.","author":"Gramoli Vincent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vincent Gramoli, Rachid Guerraoui, Andrei Lebedev, Chris Natoli, and Gauthier Voron. 2023. Diablo: A Benchmark Suite for Blockchains. In European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). USENIX Association, 649--667","author":"Gu Juncheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juncheng Gu, Youngmoon Lee, Yiwen Zhang, Mosharaf Chowdhury, and Kang G Shin. 2017. Efficient memory disaggregation with infiniswap. In Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI). USENIX Association, 649--667."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"European conf. on Computer systems (EuroSys). ACM, 363--376","author":"Guerraoui Rachid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rachid Guerraoui, Nikola Kne\u017eevi\u0107, Vivien Qu\u00e9ma, and Marko Vukoli\u0107. 2010. The next 700 BFT protocols. In European conf. on Computer systems (EuroSys). ACM, 363--376."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE\/IFIP, 568--580","author":"Gueta Guy Golan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guy Golan Gueta, Ittai Abraham, Shelly Grossman, Dahlia Malkhi, Benny Pinkas, Michael K Reiter, Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi, Orr Tamir, and Alin Tomescu. 2019. SBFT: a Scalable Decentralized Trust Infrastructure for Blockchains. In Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE\/IFIP, 568--580."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Extending Database Technology (EDBT). 301--312","author":"Gupta Suyash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suyash Gupta, Jelle Hellings, Sajjad Rahnama, and Mohammad Sadoghi. 2021. Proof-of-execution: Reaching consensus through fault-tolerant speculation. In Int. Conf. on Extending Database Technology (EDBT). 301--312."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on Machine Programming","author":"Hasabnis Niranjan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niranjan Hasabnis and Justin Gottschlich. [n. d.]. ControlFlag: a self-supervised idiosyncratic pattern detection system for software control structures. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on Machine Programming (New York, NY, USA, 2021-06-20) (MAPS '21). Association for Computing Machinery, 32--42. 10.1145\/3460945.3464954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-Learning. In Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2016-03-02)","author":"van Hasselt Hado","unstructured":"Hado van Hasselt, Arthur Guez, and David Silver. [n. d.]. Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-Learning. In Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2016-03-02) (AAAI '16). https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/AAAI\/AAAI16\/paper\/view\/12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers (SERIAL). ACM, 1--6.","author":"Istv\u00e1n Zsolt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zsolt Istv\u00e1n, Alessandro Sorniotti, and Marko Vukoli\u0107. 2018. StreamChain: Do Blockchains Need Blocks?. In Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers (SERIAL). ACM, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM, 295--308","author":"Kapitza R\u00fcdiger","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger Kapitza, Johannes Behl, Christian Cachin, Tobias Distler, Simon Kuhnle, Seyed Vahid Mohammadi, Wolfgang Schr\u00f6der-Preikschat, and Klaus Stengel. 2012. CheapBFT: resource-efficient byzantine fault tolerance. In European Conf. on Computer Systems (EuroSys). ACM, 295--308."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Strong Order-Fairness in Byzantine Consensus. The Science of Blockchain Conf. (SBC)","author":"Kelkar Mahimna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahimna Kelkar, Soubhik Deb, Sishan Long, Ari Juels, and Sreeram Kannan. 2022. Themis: Fast, Strong Order-Fairness in Byzantine Consensus. The Science of Blockchain Conf. (SBC) (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907","author":"Kipf Thomas N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas N Kipf and Max Welling. 2016. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1145\/1323293.1294267","article-title":"Zyzzyva: speculative byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"41","author":"Kotla Ramakrishna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramakrishna Kotla, Lorenzo Alvisi, Mike Dahlin, Allen Clement, and Edmund Wong. 2007. Zyzzyva: speculative byzantine fault tolerance. Operating Systems Review (OSR) 41, 6 (2007), 45--58.","journal-title":"Operating Systems Review (OSR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Tendermint: Consensus without mining.","author":"Kwon Jae","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jae Kwon. 2014. Tendermint: Consensus without mining. (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1145\/359545.359563","article-title":"Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system","volume":"21","author":"Lamport Leslie","year":"1978","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport. 1978. Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system. Commun. ACM 21, 7 (1978), 558--565.","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Paxos made simple","volume":"32","author":"Lamport Leslie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport. 2001. Paxos made simple. ACM Sigact News 32, 4 (2001), 18--25.","journal-title":"ACM Sigact News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00446-006-0005-x","article-title":"Fast paxos","volume":"19","author":"Lamport Leslie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport. 2006. Fast paxos. Distributed Computing 19, 2 (2006), 79--103.","journal-title":"Distributed Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE, 307--314","author":"Lamport Leslie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leslie Lamport and Mike Massa. 2004. Cheap paxos. In Int. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE, 307--314."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Management of Data (China","author":"Marcus Ryan","unstructured":"Ryan Marcus, Parimarjan Negi, Hongzi Mao, Nesime Tatbul, Mohammad Alizadeh, and Tim Kraska. [n.d.]. Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Management of Data (China, 2021-06) (SIGMOD '21). Award: best paper award'. 10.1145\/3448016.3452838"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"8th Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research","author":"Marcus Ryan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ryan Marcus and Olga Papaemmanouil. [n. d.]. Releasing Cloud Databases from the Chains of Performance Prediction Models. In 8th Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (San Jose, CA, 2017) (CIDR '17). tex.authors= Ryan Marcus and Olga Papaemmanouil."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2006.35","article-title":"Fast byzantine consensus","volume":"3","author":"Martin J-P","year":"2006","unstructured":"J-P Martin and Lorenzo Alvisi. 2006. Fast byzantine consensus. Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 3, 3 (2006), 202--215.","journal-title":"Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2738-3","volume-title":"Conf. on Computer and Communications Security (CCS). ACM, 31--42","author":"Miller Andrew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrew Miller, Yu Xia, Kyle Croman, Elaine Shi, and Dawn Song. 2016. The honey badger of BFT protocols. In Conf. on Computer and Communications Security (CCS). ACM, 31--42."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR","author":"Mnih Volodymyr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih, Adria Puigdomenech Badia, Mehdi Mirza, Alex Graves, Timothy Lillicrap, Tim Harley, David Silver, and Koray Kavukcuoglu. 2016. Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning. In Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR, 1928--1937."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih Koray Kavukcuoglu David Silver Andrei A. Rusu Joel Veness Marc G. Bellemare Alex Graves Martin Riedmiller Andreas K. Fidjeland and Georg Ostrovski. [n. d.]. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. 518 7540 ([n. d.]) 529--533.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Kauri: Scalable BFT Consensus with Pipelined Tree-Based Dissemination and Aggregation. In Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). ACM, 35--48","author":"Neiheiser Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray Neiheiser, Miguel Matos, and Luis Rodrigues. 2021. Kauri: Scalable BFT Consensus with Pipelined Tree-Based Dissemination and Aggregation. In Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). ACM, 35--48."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Annual Technical Conf. (ATC). USENIX Association, 305--319","author":"Ongaro Diego","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diego Ongaro and John K Ousterhout. 2014. In search of an understandable consensus algorithm. In Annual Technical Conf. (ATC). USENIX Association, 305--319."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"Dan Patterson. 2021. Hackers are attacking the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/covid-19-vaccine-hackers-supply-chain\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 2389--2393","author":"Peng Zhe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhe Peng, Cheng Xu, Haixin Wang, Jinbin Huang, Jianliang Xu, and Xiaowen Chu. 2021. P2B-Trace: Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-based Contact Tracing to Combat Pandemics. In SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 2389--2393."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Vfchain: Enabling verifiable and auditable federated learning via blockchain systems","author":"Peng Zhe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhe Peng, Jianliang Xu, Xiaowen Chu, Shang Gao, Yuan Yao, Rong Gu, and Yuzhe Tang. 2021. Vfchain: Enabling verifiable and auditable federated learning via blockchain systems. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2886780","article-title":"On choosing server-or client-side solutions for BFT","volume":"48","author":"Platania Marco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marco Platania, Daniel Obenshain, Thomas Tantillo, Yair Amir, and Neeraj Suri. 2016. On choosing server-or client-side solutions for BFT. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 48, 4 (2016), 1--30.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"World Food Programme. 2017. Blockchain Against Hunger: Harnessing Technology In Support Of Syrian Refugees. https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/news\/blockchain-against-hunger-harnessing-technology-support-syrian-refugees."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Low-latency Permissioned Blockchain Framework for Datacenter Networks. In Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). ACM, 18--34","author":"Qi Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji Qi, Xusheng Chen, Yunpeng Jiang, Jianyu Jiang, Tianxiang Shen, Shixiong Zhao, Sen Wang, Gong Zhang, Li Chen, Man Ho Au, et al. 2021. Bidl: A High-throughput, Low-latency Permissioned Blockchain Framework for Datacenter Networks. In Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). ACM, 18--34."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonathan Ragan-Kelley Connelly Barnes Andrew Adams Sylvain Paris Fr\u00e9do Durand and Saman Amarasinghe. [n. d.]. Halide: a language and compiler for optimizing parallelism locality and recomputation in image processing pipelines. 48 6 ([n. d.]) 519--530. 10.1145\/2499370.2462176","DOI":"10.1145\/2499370.2462176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","unstructured":"Steve Reilly Jason Paladino Jonathan Lambert and Matt Stiles. 2022. Fake vaccine cards are everywhere. It's a public health nightmare. https:\/\/www.grid.news\/story\/science\/2022\/01\/25\/fake-vaccine-cards-are-everywhere-its-a-public-health-nightmare\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR, 8230--8241","author":"Rosenfeld Elan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elan Rosenfeld, Ezra Winston, Pradeep Ravikumar, and Zico Kolter. 2020. Certified robustness to label-flipping attacks via randomized smoothing. In Int. Conf. on Machine Learning (ICML). PMLR, 8230--8241."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 543--557","author":"Ruan Pingcheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pingcheng Ruan, Dumitrel Loghin, Quang-Trung Ta, Meihui Zhang, Gang Chen, and Beng Chin Ooi. 2020. A Transactional Perspective on Execute-order-validate Blockchains. In SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 543--557."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1145\/98163.98167","article-title":"Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: A tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Schneider Fred B","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fred B Schneider. 1990. Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: A tutorial. Computing Surveys (CSUR) 22, 4 (1990), 299--319.","journal-title":"Computing Surveys (CSUR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 69--87","author":"Shan Yizhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yizhou Shan, Yutong Huang, Yilun Chen, and Yiying Zhang. 2018. {LegoOS}: A Disseminated, Distributed {OS} for Hardware Resource Disaggregation. In Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, 69--87."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 105--122","author":"Sharma Ankur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ankur Sharma, Felix Martin Schuhknecht, Divya Agrawal, and Jens Dittrich. 2019. Blurring the lines between blockchains and database systems: the case of hyperledger fabric. In SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data. ACM, 105--122."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)","volume":"8","author":"Singh Atul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atul Singh, Tathagata Das, Petros Maniatis, Peter Druschel, and Timothy Roscoe. 2008. BFT Protocols Under Fire.. In Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), Vol. 8. USENIX Association, 189--204."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"Judy Stone. 2021. How Counterfeit Covid-19 Vaccines And Vaccination Cards Endanger Us All. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/judystone\/2021\/03\/31\/how-counterfeit-covid-19-vaccines-and-vaccination-cards-endanger-us-all\/?sh=eaddb0e36495."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"[n. d.]. Introduction to Reinforcement Learning","author":"Sutton Richard S.","unstructured":"Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto. [n. d.]. Introduction to Reinforcement Learning (1st ed.). MIT Press.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"William R. Thompson. [n. d.]. On the Likelihood that One Unknown Probability Exceeds Another in View of the Evidence of Two Samples. ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on service systems and service management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 1--6.","author":"Tian Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng Tian. 2017. A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things. In Int. Conf. on service systems and service management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Aken Dana Van","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dana Van Aken, Andrew Pavlo, Geoffrey J. Gordon, and Bohan Zhang. [n. d.]. Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data (New York, NY, USA, 2017) (SIGMOD '17). ACM, 1009--1024. 10.1145\/3035918.3064029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.14778\/3561261.3561264","article-title":"FlexChain: An Elastic Disaggregated Blockchain","volume":"16","author":"Wu Chenyuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chenyuan Wu, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Jared Asch, Heena Nagda, Qizhen Zhang, and Boon Thau Loo. 2022. FlexChain: An Elastic Disaggregated Blockchain. Proc. of the VLDB Endowment 16, 01 (2022), 23--36.","journal-title":"Proc. of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.14778\/3594512.3594531","article-title":"AdaChain: A Learned Adaptive Blockchain","volume":"16","author":"Wu Chenyuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chenyuan Wu, Bhavana Mehta, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Ryan Marcus, and Boon Thau Loo. 2023. AdaChain: A Learned Adaptive Blockchain. Proc. of the VLDB Endowment 16, 8 (2023), 2033--2046.","journal-title":"Proc. of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.14778\/3415478.3415540","article-title":"LedgerDB: a centralized ledger database for universal audit and verification","volume":"13","author":"Yang Xinying","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xinying Yang, Yuan Zhang, Sheng Wang, Benquan Yu, Feifei Li, Yize Li, and Wenyuan Yan. 2020. LedgerDB: a centralized ledger database for universal audit and verification. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, 12 (2020), 3138--3151.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Yang Zongheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zongheng Yang, Wei-Lin Chiang, Sifei Luan, Gautam Mittal, Michael Luo, and Ion Stoica. [n. d.]. Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations. In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Management of Data (New York, NY, USA, 2022-06-10) (SIGMOD '22). Association for Computing Machinery, 931--944. 10.1145\/3514221.3517885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC). ACM, 347--356","author":"Yin Maofan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maofan Yin, Dahlia Malkhi, Michael K Reiter, Guy Golan Gueta, and Ittai Abraham. 2019. HotStuff: BFT consensus with linearity and responsiveness. In Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC). ACM, 347--356."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Connecting refugees to aid through blockchain-enabled ID management: world food programme's building blocks. GovLab October","author":"Zambrano Raul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raul Zambrano, Andrew Young, and Stefaan Verhulst. 2018. Connecting refugees to aid through blockchain-enabled ID management: world food programme's building blocks. GovLab October (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","volume-title":"Conf. on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR).","author":"Zhang Qizhen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qizhen Zhang, Yifan Cai, Sebastian Angel, Ang Chen, Vincent Liu, and Boon Thau Loo. 2020. Rethinking data management systems for disaggregated data centers. In Conf. on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13","author":"Zhang Qizhen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qizhen Zhang, Yifan Cai, Xinyi Chen, Sebastian Angel, Ang Chen, Vincent Liu, and Boon Thau Loo. 2020. Understanding the effect of data center resource disaggregation on production DBMSs. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, 9 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Management of Data. 1345--1359","author":"Zhang Qizhen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qizhen Zhang, Xinyi Chen, Sidharth Sankhe, Zhilei Zheng, Ke Zhong, Sebastian Angel, Ang Chen, Vincent Liu, and Boon Thau Loo. 2022. Optimizing data-intensive systems in disaggregated data centers with teleport. In Int. Conf. on Management of Data. 1345--1359."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.14778\/3641204.3641216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1714687741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.14778\/3641204.3641216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14778\/3641204.3641216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3641204.3641216","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-8097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-8097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}