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We present the design and implementation of\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TreeCat<\/jats:italic>\n            , a database engine that features a hierarchical data model with a path-based query language, a storage format optimized for efficient range queries and versioning, and a correlated scan operation that enables fast query execution. A key performance challenge is supporting concurrent read and write operations from many different clients while providing strict consistency guarantees. To this end, we present a novel MVOCC (multi-versioned optimistic concurrency control) protocol that guarantees serializable isolation. We conduct a comprehensive experimental evaluation comparing our concurrency control scheme with prior techniques, and evaluating our overall system against Hive Metastore, Delta Lake, and Iceberg.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3749646.3749696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T17:55:06Z","timestamp":1757008506000},"page":"4323-4336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TreeCat: Standalone Catalog Engine for Large Data Systems"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Keonwoo","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Nilangekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amol","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2000.839388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/arangodb.com\/. 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