{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:37:51Z","timestamp":1789486671431,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"DOI":"10.14797\/mdcvj.1826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:11:41Z","timestamp":1789477901000},"page":"22-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cholesterol: Facts and Opinions by a Non-lipid Cardiologist"],"prefix":"10.14797","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9234-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5826","reference":[{"issue":"32","key":"key20260915131128_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel","volume":"38","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20260915131128_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel","volume":"41","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key20260915131128_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.004043","article-title":"Cell biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"57","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"key20260915131128_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.039","article-title":"Genetics: Implications for Prevention and Management of Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260915131128_B5","first-page":"1241","article-title":"A decade of genome-wide association studies for coronary artery disease: the challenges ahead","volume":"114","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9493","key":"key20260915131128_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins","volume":"366","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9753","key":"key20260915131128_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials","volume":"376","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaboration","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260915131128_B8","first-page":"e67","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"137","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260915131128_B9","first-page":"448","article-title":"Measuring the global burden of disease New England journal of medicine","volume":"369","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260915131128_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa047","article-title":"EU-Wide Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Lipid-Modifying Therapy Use in Secondary and Primary Care: the DA VINCI study","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"key20260915131128_B11","first-page":"135","article-title":"Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260915131128_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014540609","article-title":"A Statin a Day to Keep the Doctor Away? Comparing Aspirin and Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"48","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"14","key":"key20260915131128_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-320154","article-title":"Aspirin and statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in older adults","volume":"108","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260915131128_B14","first-page":"Sl","article-title":"Balancing cholesterol synthesis and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"2","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260915131128_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216452","article-title":"Consequences of cellular cholesterol accumulation: basic concepts and physiological implications","volume":"110","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260915131128_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0190-7","article-title":"Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260915131128_B17","first-page":"256","article-title":"Free cholesterol-induced cytotoxicity a possible contributing factor to macrophage foam cell necrosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"7","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260915131128_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.11.5772","article-title":"Cell toxicity induced by inhibition of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol","volume":"270","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260915131128_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2481","article-title":"Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260915131128_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012477","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia in early adulthood increases long-term risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"key20260915131128_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.017","article-title":"Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"60","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"key20260915131128_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489","article-title":"Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes","volume":"372","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"key20260915131128_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","article-title":"Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"376","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10106","key":"key20260915131128_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32290-0","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of achieving very low LDL-cholesterol concentrations with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab: a prespecified secondary analysis of the FOURIER trial","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"22","key":"key20260915131128_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","article-title":"Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"379","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260915131128_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061894","article-title":"High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"355","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260915131128_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.13985","article-title":"Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"316","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"key20260915131128_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056536","article-title":"Cardiovascular Benefit of Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Below 40 mg\/dL","volume":"144","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260915131128_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.002","article-title":"Lipoprotein concentrations in newborns are associated with allelic variations in their mothers","volume":"172","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1789477904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.houstonmethodist.org\/articles\/10.14797\/mdcvj.1826\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14797\/mdcvj.1826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14797\/mdcvj.1826","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-6108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-6108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}