{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1780952428960,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"The Korean Movement Disorder Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-jmd.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JMD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients does not halt disease progression, as these patients will progress and develop disabling non-levodopa responsive symptoms. These features may act as milestones that represent the overall functionality of patients after DBS. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of clinical milestones in advanced PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS.Methods The study evaluated PD patients who underwent STN-DBS at baseline up to their last follow-up using the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale. The symptoms of hallucinations, dysarthria, dysphagia, frequent falls, difficulty walking, cognitive impairment and the loss of autonomy were chosen as the clinical milestones.Results A total of 106 patients with a mean age of 47.21 \u00b1 10.52 years at disease onset, a mean age of 58.72 \u00b1 8.74 years at surgery and a mean disease duration of 11.51 \u00b1 4.4 years before surgery were included. Initial improvement of motor symptoms was seen after the surgery with the appearance of clinical milestones over time. Using the moderately disabling criteria, 81 patients (76.41%) developed at least one clinical milestone, while 48 patients (45.28%) developed a milestone when using the severely disabling criteria.Conclusion STN-DBS has a limited effect on axial and nonmotor symptoms of the PD patients, in contrast to the effect on motor symptoms. These symptoms may serve as clinical milestones that can convey the status of PD patients and its impact on the patients and their caregivers. Therefore, advanced PD patients, even those treated with bilateral STN-DBS, will still require assistance and cannot live independently in the long run.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.21106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T07:39:21Z","timestamp":1653550761000},"page":"124-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14802\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of Clinical Milestones in Parkinson\u2019s Disease After Bilateral Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.14802","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-0188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jed Noel A.","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4182-3612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Hwan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-6161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seungho","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-5286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chan Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8219-9663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-8653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Paek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2491-3544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beomseok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5803","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.012"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22390"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.182"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20324"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.01.010"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500277"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000374850.98949.d4"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21667"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.308"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Opara","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr121"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.05.025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000306632.43729.24"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7321-z"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51102"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"939","volume-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"773","volume-title":"QuickStats: age-adjusted death rates* for Parkinson disease\u2020 among adults aged \u226565 years - National Vital Statistics System, United States, 1999-2017","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000006576"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.jns182081"}],"container-title":["Journal of Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-jmd.org\/upload\/pdf\/jmd-21106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-jmd.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14802\/jmd.21106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-jmd.org\/upload\/pdf\/jmd-21106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T07:09:16Z","timestamp":1654153756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-jmd.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.14802\/jmd.21106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14802\/jmd.21106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2005-940X","2093-4939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2005-940X","type":"print"},{"value":"2093-4939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}