{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T05:23:36Z","timestamp":1794288216335,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Korean Movement Disorder Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2023-0193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2023-0193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-KH134527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-KH134527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-jmd.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JMD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective To examine the relationship between automatically quantified perivascular space (PVS) extent located in the subcortical white matter (WM), baseline motor deficits and cognitive function, as well as longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).Methods This retrospective cohort study included 270 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PD. Subcortical WM PVS was automatically segmented using high-resolution T2-weighted images, and automated PVS (aPVS) volume and count were calculated. Multivariate linear regression analyses evaluated the association between subcortical WM aPVS and baseline Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale Part III, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Cox regression models assessed the prognostic value of baseline subcortical WM aPVS for the risk of developing freezing of gait (FOG) and dementia.Results Greater subcortical WM aPVS volume, particularly in the frontal and parietal regions, correlated with milder parkinsonian motor deficits and better global cognitive function at baseline. Higher subcortical WM aPVS volume, especially in the frontal region, was linked to a lower risk of FOG (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22\u20130.93; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.028). Additionally, greater subcortical WM aPVS volume, especially in the occipital region, was associated with a reduced risk of dementia conversion (HR, 0.38; 95% CI 0.10\u20130.95; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.041) in Cox regression models. Higher subcortical WM aPVS count was linked to better baseline motor symptoms, cognitive function, and lower risk of FOG.Conclusion These findings indicate that larger subcortical WM aPVS volume or higher aPVS count can be an indicator of favorable clinical outcomes in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.26157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:12:22Z","timestamp":1787890342000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14802\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Automatically Segmented Perivascular Space in Subcortical White Matter of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Its Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.14802","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-8658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chae Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-0072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoonho","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-9275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun-Jae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-5795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun Hwee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-4072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seung-Koo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 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